宏观经济学考试题及答案 宏观经济学一题 请详细解释答案，谢谢！

宏观经济学一题 请详细解释答案，谢谢！  

宏观经济学一题 请详细解释答案，谢谢！

你好，题目应该说的是，如果经济活动的波动是由总供给曲线移动造成的，那么。。。
在总供给和总需求模型中，当AS曲线移动时，易知价格水平P和产出Y沿着总需求曲线反向变动，同时产出变动与失业率是反向变动的（如产出提高，表明经济中就业是增加的，那么失业率将降低），同时如果用价格水平变动衡量通货膨胀率的变动，那么，通货膨胀率和失业率是正向变动的。只有D项正确。
对于其他选项有啥不清楚的可以追问。

宏观经济学，请详细解释下

20+6+10=36
20万元咨询服务是a公司产出商品劳务，算
10万元电脑、6万元服务是b公司产出商品劳务 ，算
4万元现金没有增加商品劳务，不算

请详细解释宏观经济学里的structural policy

定义如下：
Sometimes an economy’s problems are deeper and longer lasting than
excessive or inadequate demand, usually as a result of government
policies or private practices that impede efficient and fair production
of goods and services—that is, supply. Fixing such problems can require
changes to the fabric of the economy, called structural policies.
其实从字面上理解也很直接。structural policy就是那些能够从长期、系统性的、深度角度去改变经济现状的经济政策。

宏观经济学题目！求详细解答 ..

（1）Y=C+I+G，C=1400+0.8Yd，I=200-50r，T=0.25Y，G=200，Yd=Y-T
联立以上式子得，0.4Y=1800-50r
M/P=L，M=900，P=1，L=0.4Y-100r
联立以上式子得，900=0.4Y-100r
解得，Y=3750，r=6，即均衡国民收入及利率
将0.4Y=1800-50r带入M/P=0.4Y-100r，消去r得，M/P=1.2Y-3600
带入M=900得，P=900/（1.2Y-3600），即总需求函数
唯一需要解释的是M为名义货币供给，除以物价才是实际货币供给
（2）联立P=900/（1.2Y-3600）和Y=3350+400P
解得P=1，Y=3750
（3）将Y=3800带入900=0.4Y-100r，得r=6.2
C=1400+0.8Yd=1400+0.8（1-T）Y=3680
I=200-50r=-110
得G=Y-C-I=3800-3680-（-110）=230，即，应增加支出30

谁能详细解释下宏观经济学中的‘planned aggregate expenditure’ (PAE)

在曼昆《宏观经济学》·第五版第十章第一节产品市场与IS曲线中。
从凯恩斯交叉图的基本模型开始。凯恩斯提出，在短期中，经济的总收入主要由家庭、企业和政府的支出愿望决定。人们想支出越多，企业可以卖出的产品和服务就越多。企业可以卖出去的越多，他们选择生产的产出就越多，他们选择雇佣的工人也就越多。
实际支出是家庭、企业和政府花在产品和服务上的数额，它等于整个经济的国内总产值GDP。计划支出是家庭、企业和政府愿意花在产品和服务上的数额。
为什么实际支出与计划支出会不同？答案在于因为企业的销售与预期所销售的数量不同，它们可能会使用非计划的存货投资。当企业的销售比计划少时，它们的存货存量自动上升；相反，当出售的比计划的多时，它们的存货存量下降。由于这些非计划的存货变化被当做企业投资支出，实际支出可能会比计划支出高或者低。
凯恩斯交叉图的下一部分是假设当实际支出等于计划支出时经济处于均衡状态。经济如何实现均衡呢？在这个模型中，存货在调整过程中起着重要的作用。只要经济不处于均衡，企业就有存货的非计划变动，而这引起企业改变生产水平。生产的变动又影响总收入和支出，这就是经济向均衡方向运动。
例如，假设经济的GDP水平大于均衡水平，在Y1水平。在这种情况下，计划支出E1小于生产的Y1，因此，企业的销售小于它们的生产。企业把卖不出去的产品加到它们的存货量中。这种存货量的非计划增加引起企业解雇工人，并减少生产，这些行为又减少了GDP。这种非计划存货积累和收入下降的过程要一直持续到收入Y下降到均衡水平为止。
同样，假设GDP水平低于均衡水平，在Y2。在这种情况下，计划支出E2大于生产Y2。企业要通过减少存货来满足高销售水平。但当企业看到自己的存货量在减少时，他们就雇佣更多的工人，并增加生产。GDP增加，而且经济趋向均衡。
不过凯恩斯注意主义主要针对的是短期内的，在长期看来的话，经济总产出是由资本、劳动力和生产技术决定的。
以上是我从书中摘抄的，如果要看细致的资料的话，可以看课本，里面还有图，很详细的。

这一题，谢谢，宏观经济学

当然是对的，凯恩斯总供给曲线是建立在19世纪30年代大萧条的历史背景下，当时劳动力大量闲置，也就是说资源没有得到充分利用，此时要多少工人有多少工人，故凯恩斯总供给曲线为水平线，扩张性财政政策使总需求曲线向右移动，你可以自己画画，价格是不变的，但是国民收入会增加

宏观经济学解决失业问题详细答案，速求，谢谢啊·

书中自有黄金屋

求解宏观经济学一题。。

转移支付乘数=0.8/[1-(1-0.1)0.8+0.2]=1.67

宏观经济学一题求助，关于moary policy，谢谢！

A）
Treasury Secretary Henry said on Monday in Australia, the Australian government's fiscal stimulus program has provided support for the economy. Over time, private demand will gradually pick up, the need for the government to relax fiscal policy will subsequently weakened.
He also said the government's financial injection to boost retail spending, the second and third round of the medium-term macroeconomic fiscal program aims to provide support.
Henry also pointed out that the government's cash expenditure does provide support for the economy. He added that without this part of the expenses, the Australian unemployment rate has risen to 10.0%, while the current government is expected to peak at 8.5% unemployment rate.
He also said that as time goes on, private demand will gradually pick up, the Government introduced the need for fiscal stimulus will subsequently decline
B)
In order to avoid Australia in the global economy into recession under the influence of the crisis, the Australian Government has taken various measures to stimulate economic growth.
(A) take prompt expansionary moary policy
1. A continuous sharp decline in interest rates
As of the end of August 2008, broad money growth in Australia was 14.3%, higher than the peak in January this year, 19.3% down 5 percentage points; financial institutions, credit growth was only 10.5% annual rate, pared with December last year, 16.3% lower peak 5.8 percentage points. The data reflect a serious deterioration in the macroeconomic and financial environment, corporate credit greatly reduced circumstances, the severe contraction of economic activity in the situation.
Clearly showing signs of weakness in the economy and the global financial crisis intensified on the oasion, has been strictly adhered to inflation targeting in 2008 Federal Reserve Bank of Australia in the second half was forced to adjust its moary policy, and its change in policy is very quick. In early August cut its benchmark interest rate has not yet, but early in August into open market operations through massive amounts of liquidity, prompting once was very tight in the interbank market interest rates decreased by about 50 basis points. Subsequently, starting from the September rate cut straight, the federal cash rate to 7.5% from the highest point down to the current 5.25%. After the benchmark interest rate cut, mercial banks have reduced their mortgage interest rate of about 1%. As Australian government continued to hold the benchmark interest rate is currently high level, the Federal Reserve Bank of Australia in the future there is considerable scope to cut interest rates. Australian interest rate markets have expected before the end of 2009, or will e down to 4.5% -5%.
2. Adopt a variety of expansionary moary policy
(1) Federal Reserve Bank of Australia and the open market by a significant increase in liquidity and increase buy-back variety, to expand the scope of repo collateral, lead and other domestic financial authorities signed and released the "memorandum of understanding on financial crisis management", and with the Federal Reserve and other central banks currency swap mechanism jointly established a variety of ways to try to ease global financial turmoil, Australian economic growth to avoid a sharp downturn. To protect the transmission of moary policy as soon as possible to the real economy, it also joined hands with the Australian Federal Government to put pressure on the banking sector, financial institutions will be called on Australia to cut interest rates signal synchronized to the respective borrowers to pass.
(2) to the country's reputation for security, the implementation of the public bank deposit guarantee deposits for three years.
(3) improve the financial transparency from the start, to continue to strengthen its regulation of financial markets.
(B) take prompt and active fiscal policy
9 months since late 2008, the Australian Government has introduced a number of suessive policies to stabilize the financial markets and maintaining economic growth.
September 26, Australian Treasurer Wayne Swan (Swan) announced that the Australian government will invest 40 billion Australian dollars, for the purchase of Australian residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), to ease the global financial crisis has led to Australian RMBS market liquidity dried up almost difficulties, and enhance the financing of non-bank financial institutions and credit capacity. Swan said the government will be temporarily held by the RMBS market environment improved in the secondary market after the original owners sold or redeemed.
October 2, should be the joint request of the leaders of Australian states, the Australian Government Committee (Council of Australian Governments, COAG) decided to aelerate the launch amount of 200 billion Australian dollars of the national infrastructure fund to prevent the global financial crisis impact on Australia . The fund will be used for building roads, ports and other public facilities, and private panies and the Government weles this cooperation.
Early October, ANZ, Westpac and National Australia Bank from the Australian government's sovereign fund - next fund (Future Fund) receive a total of 4.2 billion Australian dollars, the maximum period of 10 years in long-term financing to alleviate the financial crisis caused by the lack of liquidity difficulties in the banking sector.
Meanwhile, the Australian government decided to increase by 100 million Australian dollars of government investment expenditure, and its goal is to ordinary people as the main vulnerable groups, by increasing pension benefits, attention needs to solve for children in low-ine households pay support costs and provide for first-time home buyers grants and training fees and other means to provide ways to improve people's living conditions and standards, and then as an opportunity to promote expansion of domestic demand.
(C) Other economic policy
1. Strengthen cooperation with China, India and other emerging industrial countries, trade relations, in order to avoid a sharp decline in exports.
2. To maintain a relatively liberal investment environment to attract foreign investment.
3. To restrict immigration to protect domestic jobs
4. On the part of the manufacturing sector to take special protection policy. The automobile industry as the main large-scale manufacturing is dominated by the basic characteristics of Australian industry. Therefore, maintaining the stability of the manufacturing sector is critical to avoid the economic downturn. Australian Government on its three major manufacturers to take protective measures, First, a temporary external manufacturing protective tariff; the second is to regulate corporate dividend policy, to avoid excessive loss of excessive funds, enterprise development funds needed to maintain the adequacy of from their own good way to find a solution to the shortage of funds; the third to encourage car purchases, the Government provide tax deductible purchase of a new car .
C）
During an economic boom, can inhibit further economic expansion, economic recession, can prevent the economy further into recession, so you can automatically stabilize the economy.
1. Automatically change the progressive tax system, the use of such a system, in a recession, the government collected personal ine tax and auto tax corporate profits decline, individuals and panies to retain the disposable ine increased, so that consumption and investment increase, resulting in total decline in demand to overe the crisis; rise in the economic, personal and corporate ine, the ine tax rate levied by the Government automatically - up to enable individuals and panies restrained consumption and investment, rising prices under control, the economy stabilized. 2. Unemployment benefits and other welfare payments. In the recession, increased unemployment, the Government's expenditure on unemployment benefits and other benefits are automatically increased to maintain the spending of unemployed workers, help to overe the overproduction; during economic upswings, unemployment by reducing the unemployment benefits and other subsidies are also automatically reduced, while the collection as a source of funding for unemployment benefits, the tax is automatically increased. 3. Private savings and corporate savings. Average family ine fell in the short term, generally not reduced consumption, but to use past savings; increase in ine, nor an immediate increase in consumption, but to increase savings, so consumption remained relatively stable. Companies, too, when the revenue is not easy to reduce the dividend, but to reduce retained earnings; increase in ine, not easy to increase the dividend, but to increase retained profits .

这一题，谢谢啦，宏观经济学

答案选股票支出
GDP核算有三种方法，其中支出法是其中一种。在支出法下，国内生产总值＝消费(购买国内商品或劳务)+投资+政府支出+出口－进口
其中购买食品属于消费，购买房产属于投资，购买进口品属于进口。都会影响GDP的值。
值得注意的是这里的投资并不是购买债券和股票的意思，所以选B，投资包括固定资产投资和存货投资两大类。固定资产投资指新造厂房、购买新设备、建筑新住宅的投资。为什么住宅建筑属于投资而不属于消费呢？因为住宅像别的固定资产一样是长期使用、慢慢地被消耗的。存货投资是企业掌握的存货（或称成为库存）的增加或减少。如果年初全国企业存货为2000亿美元而年末为2200亿美元，则存货投资为200亿美元。存货投资可能是正值，也可能是负值，因为年末存货价值可能大于也可能小于年初存货。企业存货之所以被视为投资，是因为它能产生收入。从国民经济统计的角度看，生产出来但没有卖出去的产品只能作为企业的存货投资处理，这样是从生产角度统计的GDP和从支出角度统计的GDP相一致。