美国签证材料 美国签证收紧只会迫使雇主在海外招工

美国签证收紧只会迫使雇主在海外招工  

President Donald Trump has been trying to encourage firms to hire more American workers by increasing restrictions on visas for skilled foreign workers
including by suspending the H-1B visa program in June.
But a new study found that blocking out skilled labor actually encourages panies to move jobs abroad
where they can hire locally or more easily obtain a visa. That means more new jobs in countries like Canada
India
and China
not in the US
as president Donald Trump has claimed.
"It's not that a pany really only has o options
which is either hire an immigrant in the US or hire an American in the US
" said Britta Glennon
the National Bureau of Economic Research economist who wrote the study. "They actually have more options than that."
该研究报告的作者、美国国家经济研究局的经济学家布丽塔·格伦农说：“企业并不是只有两种选择，要么在美国雇佣移民，要么在美国雇佣美国人。实际上他们有更多选择。”
Glennon looked at data from millions of H1-B applications and multinationals' employment in foreign countries over a 10-year period to track whether less access to visas changed hiring practices. She found that it did
whether it was because the US lowered its annual visa cap (as it did in 2004
) or because visas became harder to get after US Citizenship and Immigration Services implemented a lottery system to grant them.
When she looked at the lottery's effects
for example
she found that for each visa application denied
panies created the equivalent of .3 jobs abroad
at least.
Companies in the tech sector were more likely to hire a foreign worker at their offices outside the US. They were also more likely to place those workers in Canada
which has less restrictive visa policies than the US
as well as India and China
where many of the hires were from.
When USCIS denied a visa to a prestigious MBA graduate from China or India
the pany trying to hire them would often assign them to an auxiliary office in cities like Vancouver or Toronto.
Some panies reacted by transferring entire teams or tasks abroad. "They would say
'Yeah
we just decided to open up a foreign affiliate in India because we got so tired of this whole process'." she said.
She also saw a shift towards job candidates with master's degrees to increase the chances of getting them a visa—there's an additional cap of 20
000 for H1-B visas for applicants with advanced degrees.
Though Glennon's analysis focused on past changes to visa policies
her research suggests the same situation is true now that US government restrictions on foreign workers are even tighter.
By blocking immigration
the US misses out on other benefits
like new patents
additional foreign investment
and new jobs in highly-skilled fields
Glennon said. Research has also shown immigrants are much more likely to start new panies pared to Americans—nearly half of Fortune 500 firms were founded by an immigrant or a child of one—and are more often "job creators" than "job takers."
Glennon said a better policy to help Americans get jobs would be through additional investments in education. "Make sure that Americans have the right set of skills
" she said. "It's a much more sensible way to go about this than trying to block skilled workers from other countries. The reason why they're getting hired is because panies can't find Americans to do those jobs."