自主权是什么意思 缺乏自主权的工作会让人短命

缺乏自主权的工作会让人短命  

The Covid-19 pandemic has been stressful in so many ways that it can be hard to tease apart the strands of what's getting us down or freaking us out. But amidst the health concerns
family worries
and social distancing strangeness
increased work stress certainly stands out as a widespread consequence of the pandemic.
In this environment
a new study titled "This job is (literally) killing me" seems particularly timely.
The study
by researchers at Northern Illinois University and Indiana University
used data collected over a 20-year period to find out whether there is a link beeen how we feel at work and when we die. Sure enough
the researchers discovered that o specific factors—having a high-stress job and low control over one's work—were correlated with higher mortality rates.
这项研究是由北伊利诺伊州大学和印第安纳大学的研究人员开展的。为了获知人们的工作感受和人们的死亡年龄之间是否有关联，该研究运用了在20年间收集的数据。果不其然，研究人员发现了高压力的工作和缺乏自主权的工作着两个特定因素与更高的死亡率有关。
During the 20-year period
over 3
000 Americans
most of whom were in their 40s at the outset of the study
were tracked at three separate points by the Midlife in the United States Survey. Analyzing that data
the current study found that those with high-stress
low-control jobs were 43% more likely to die than those in lower-risk categories.
People who died in the course of the study died for all kinds of reasons. People who suffered from depression were 130% more likely to die early
according to Erik Gonzalez-Mule
an assistant professor at the University of Indiana's Kelley School of Business
who co-authored the study. Those with high-stress
low-autonomy jobs who died were also likely to have suffered depression.
Gonzalez-Mule says his takeaway is not that everyone should quit their jobs in terror. Rather
he says
those with influence over employees' work experience—like pany heads and managers—should do as much as possible to increase workers' feelings of autonomy
especially for workers in high-stress jobs.
Lowering stress at work isn't always possible: Some jobs
like working on a tricky contruction site or attending medical emergencies
are inherently stressful. But adding a sense of autonomy is sometimes possible. Gonzalez-Mule says one paratively simple option is to allow people to decide where to work
whether that's from home or
in former times
from a cafe or other non-office workspace. In that way
the Covid-19 pandemic may have actually moved things forward: Employers who were reluctant to take the step of allowing flexible working on employees' terms have had to adapt fast and
in many cases
have seen positive results.
There are other ways that panies can increase workers' autonomy too
especially for those for whom working from home isn't an option. "Allowing people to choose what they want to do is kind of a higher order level of autonomy
whereas just allowing people to prioritize tasks and tackle things in the order they want is kind of on the low end
" says Gonzalez-Mule. Some high-end tech panies might give employees the pick of teams or projects. Firms without so much wiggle room can still allow individuals to make their own day-to-day or hour-to-hour choices—and that can make a big difference to well-being.
"Something that we've known for a long time is that people
in general
like being given autonomy. Besides the impact to their health and the like
they just tend to be more satisfied
they're more productive
" Gonzalez-Mule says. "It's just a human need
to be able to act in a way that you want to and not just be told by someone else."
The researchers also discovered that having low cognitive ability
plus high stress
correlated with higher mortality.
Interestingly
the study also found that people in stressful jobs but who had high control over their work were actually more likely to survive than those in low-stress jobs. They appeared to thrive and stay healthier. One reason
the researchers speculated
was that having high autonomy allowed them to shape their lives in healthier
happier ways
like building in exercise
time outdoors
or relaxation
even alongside more stringent work demands.