英语四级知识 英语四级语法基础知识必备（01）

英语四级语法基础知识必备（01）  

动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等),时态,1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.,I’ve been writing letters for an hour.,I’ve been sitting in the garden.,2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作,I’d been working for some time when he called.,We had been waiting for her for o hours by the time she came.,3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.,By next summer, he will have been working here for enty years.,In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.,4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.,I shall have finished this one before lunch.,They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.,语态,可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:,He was said to be jealous of her success.,It was said that he was jealous of her success.,能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.,It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.,The ship is supposed to have been sunk.,担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:,Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制),双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态,双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.,He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.,Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.,宾补结构的被动语态:,She was called Big Sister by everybody.,Then he was made a squad leader.,He was considered quite qualified for the job.,The room was always kept clean and tidy.,短语动词,Vi + adv,The plane took off o hours late.,Vi + prep,They looked round the Cathedral.,Vi + prep (有被动语态)