非谓语动词的过去分词形式 分词，动名词，不定式三者的用法有什么区别

分词，动名词，不定式三者的用法有什么区别  

分词，动名词，不定式三者的用法有什么区别

动词不定式
一概说
1.构成：to+ V原
2.特征：具有动词、名词、形容词、副词的特征，如果不定式的动词是及物动词，其后面须有宾语。不定式可以用状语来修饰。
3.作用：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。
动 名 词
一、概说：
1.构成：V-ing
2.特征：动名词具有动词和名词的特征。
⑴ 具有动词特征时，如果由及物动词构成，可以带有自己的宾语，可以用状语来修饰。
⑵具有名词特征时，在句子中可以作主语、宾语，其前面可以有物主代词或名词所有格，表示逻辑上的主谓关系。
3.作用：可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
分 词
一、概说：
1.构成：⑴ 现在分词 — V-ing
⑵ 过去分词— V-ed
2.特征：具有动词、形容词、副词特征。
3.作用：作表语、定语、状语、补语
4.特点：
⑴ 现在分词：表示主动 ; 表示动作正在进行。
⑵ 过去分词：表示被动 ； 表示动作已经完成 。

不定式、动名词和现在分词三者，完成时态用法有什么区别？记住是用法区别？

不定式 即to﹢v. 但有时省去to
.分词有两种形式
①现在分词是动词的—ing形式，如，writing,
②过去分词是：﹢ed, 即v.-ed, 如，visit→visited ,
动名词都是动词的—ing 形式，如，doing

动名词和不定式有什么区别。动名词是做名词。不定式呢?

这个问题能难倒99%的老师们。动名词可以作名词，不定式也可以作名词，怎么就不叫做动名词呢？

其实，动名词doing不定式to do都是动词do的两种不同的形式而已。

给一个名称是为了区别这两种不同的形式。

至于他们的区别

to do表示一个一次性具体性将要发生性的动作

doing(别再叫动名词了，坑人)表示经常性反复性习惯行主动性进行性抽象性的动作

两种形式都可以做主语谓语宾语补语定语状语。根据不同的特征选择不同的形式。就可以了。叫什么无所谓，没必要纠结。

动名词不定式的用法与区别

动名词不定式的基本形式: to+动词原形
形式: 一般式: 例: to make (主动) to be made (被动)
进行式: 例: to be making (主动) 无被动
完成式: 例: to have made (主动) to have been made (被动)
完成进行式: 例: to have been making (主动) 无被动
用法:
一. 作主语: 例: To study hard is important. 努力学习是重要的.
-->It is important (for us) to study hard.
二. 作宾语: 例: I hope to see her soon.
三. 作表语: 例: The important thing is to save lives.
四. 作宾语补足语: 例: His mother doesn't allow him to speak loud in the room.
提示: 在被动语态中, 可用不定式作主语补足语, 如:
The man was warned not to drink too much wine.
五. 作定语(必须后置) 例: This is the fittest food for you to eat.
I need some paper to write a letter on.
六. 作状语: 例: We have e to learn from you. (表目的)
She was surprised to hear the news. (表原因)
七. 作独立成份,具评论性, 表说话者的态度,语气等, 例:
He is honest in his dealings, to be frank. 老实说, 他待人接物很诚实.
有关不定式的用法还有一些句型结构需要注意的, 但一下子也写不完, 你有问题再问吧~~
我不清楚你是要问跟什么的区别, 你是要问动词不定式跟动名词的区别吗?

动名词和不定式在用法上有什么区别？

动名词一般表示正在进行的
不定式表示将来的

动词ING形式与动词不定式的用法有什么区别

ing 正在进行不定式将要作

动词不定式和动名词有什么区别？

动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较
一,作主语
⒈不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首.如:
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如:
①It+be+名词+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb + some time +to do
How long did it take you to finish the work
③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the position in a quarter of an hour.
④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.
⒉动名词作主语
Learning without practice is no good.
动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如:
①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…
It's no good reading in dim light.
It's no use sitting here waiting.
②It's+形容词+doing
It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.
这样用的形容词有expensive, nice, tiring等,但important, necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式 代替,如:It's important for you to keep fit.
③There is no + doing
There is no saying what will happen next.
在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It's impossible to…"结构.
⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联络在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联络在一起.如:
It's no good eating too much fat.
It's no good for you to eat so much fat.
②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如:
It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.
二,作宾语
⒈不定式作宾语
①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如:
I decided to ask for my money back.
I decided that I would ask for my money back.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot.
②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式.如:
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
③介词but, except, besides +to do(do)
在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to, 带to不带do.如:
The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.
On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
⒉动名词作宾语
①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, give up, insist, on, put off等.如:
I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.
②动名词作介词的宾语
I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech
动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing, have no trouble(in)doing, lose no ti me(in)doing, prevent/s…(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等.
⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变.如:begin, continue, start, hat e, like, love, need, require, want等.
在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved). hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前 正在进行的活动或一般的行为.
在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:
①hate, like, love前有would(should)时,如:I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
②当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.
③begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand what
was happening.
⒋advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语.如:
Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.
Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用.
①fet, remember, regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生.如:
Don't fet fo post the letter for me.
Have you fotten meeting her in Beijing Airport
Remember to close the windows before you leave.
I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.
They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
②mean to do 打算做某事
doing 意味着……
I meant to catch up with the early bus.
This means wasting a lot of money.
③try to do 设法尽力做某事
doing 试着做某事
You should try to overe your shortings.
Try working out the physics problem in another way.
④s to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
doing 停止做某事
On the way to the airport, I sped to buy a paper.
You'd better s arguing and do as you are told.
⑤can't help doing 禁不住……
to do不能帮助干……
They couldn't help jumping up at the news.
Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I can't help to make up the room for you.
⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事
doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续
He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势.
We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.
⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语)
doing停下某事
It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.
They left off to go fishing.
三,做表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为.
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①).当主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词片语(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定 式说明主语的内容.
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
⑥The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting.
④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving the people is out work, 而⑥句中是现在分词作 表语,说明主语的性质,状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来.
四,作定语
⒈不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后.如:
①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
②Have you anything to be taken to your sister
③Do you have anything to say on the question
④Would you please give me some paper to write on
⑤My wish to visit France has e true at last.
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:
(1)表示将来的动作(例①).
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④).
(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②).
(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive.
⒉动名词作定语
①This passage can be used as listening materials.
②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.
③All moving bodies have energy.
①②句动名词作定语说明一种效能,即:用来……的;第③句为现在分词作定语,单个分词作定语常置于 被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后.如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.
五,不定式作补足语
⒈作宾语补足语
一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为,状态,特征,这时意思才相 对完整.
(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(强迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等.如:
①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary
②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.
(2)部分动词后常接to be+形容词,名词短语等形式,有时to be可省略,如:believe, consider, discover, find(=consider), feel(=think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose, see(=understand), understand等.
①We all believe John(to be)honest.
②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.
但当不定式是完成式时,to不能省略,如:We consider him to have been foolish.
(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to.
①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.
②They make the students do too much homework every day.
这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,如第②句:The students are made to do too much homework every day.
(4)help, know后面的"to"可有可无.如:
Would you please help me(to) fill in the tax form
I've never known her(to)be late before.但:He was known to have been to France before.
(5)部分短语动词后,常接不定式作宾补,如:
You may depend on them to be there early.
The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.
常这样用的短语动词有:ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for(渴望), prepare for, wish for等.
⒉作主语补足语
不定式作主语补足语,和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系.如:
①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.
②The young university student is considered to have great promise.
六,不定式作状语
⒈作目的状语
(1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen.
②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor.
(2)有时为了强调,不定式前可加in order或so as.如:
Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to fet it.
有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首,但so as to不能这样用.在这种句式中不定式部 分可转换为so that, in order that, 成为目的状语从句,如:
I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen.
(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词,过去分词或动词之后可接不定式,如:astonished, glad, happy, laugh , pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised等.
①We are glad to hear the news.
②I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.
在部分形容词后接不定式,用主动形式表示被动意义,这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语.如:The question raised by the student is difficult to answer.
The room is really fortable to live in.
常这样用的形容词有:fortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible等.
⒉作结果状语
We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.
不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中.如:
①so…as to; such…as to
I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来.
I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.
②enough…to
The speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner.
③only to
Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.
④too…to
I'm too tired to stay up longer.
但在下列结构中,too…to并非是"太……而不能……"之意.如:
①I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了.(too修饰glad to have…,相当 于very)
②We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了(不定式作定语).
⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首,句中或句末.如:
To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome.
常见的短语有to be exact(确切地说),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(说句对他公道的 话),to be sure(真的)等等.

动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较 一,作主语 ⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首.如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work ③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the position in a quarter of an hour. ④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English. ⒉动名词作主语 Learning without practice is no good. 动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如: ①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing… It's no good reading in dim light. It's no use sitting here waiting. ②It's+形容词+doing It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. 这样用的形容词有expensive, nice, tiring等,但important, necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式 代替,如:It's important for you to keep fit. ③There is no + doing There is no saying what will happen next. 在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It's impossible to…"结构. ⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联络在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联络在一起.如: It's no good eating too much fat. It's no good for you to eat so much fat. ②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如: It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules. 二,作宾语 ⒈不定式作宾语 ①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如: I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot. ②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式.如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. ③介词but, except, besides +to do(do) 在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to, 带to不带do.如: The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. ⒉动名词作宾语 ①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, give up, insist, on, put off等.如: I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health. ②动名词作介词的宾语 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech 动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing, have no trouble(in)doing, lose no ti me(in)doing, prevent/s…(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等. ⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变.如:begin, continue, start, hat e, like, love, need, require, want等. 在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved). hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前 正在进行的活动或一般的行为. 在下列情况下,一般要用不定式: ①hate, like, love前有would(should)时,如:I'd like to have a cup of coffee. ②当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. ③begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand what was happening. ⒋advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语.如: Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake. Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake. ⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用. ①fet, remember, regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生.如: Don't fet fo post the letter for me. Have you fotten meeting her in Beijing Airport Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. ②mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味着…… I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. ③try to do 设法尽力做某事 doing 试着做某事 You should try to overe your shortings. Try working out the physics problem in another way. ④s to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语) doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport, I sped to buy a paper. You'd better s arguing and do as you are told. ⑤can't help doing 禁不住…… to do不能帮助干…… They couldn't help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I can't help to make up the room for you. ⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事 doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续 He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势. We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world. ⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语) doing停下某事 It's time to leave off talking and to start acting. They left off to go fishing. 三,做表语 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为. ①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. ③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①).当主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词片语(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定 式说明主语的内容. ④Our work is serving the people. ⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper. ⑥The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting. ④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving the people is out work, 而⑥句中是现在分词作 表语,说明主语的性质,状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来. 四,作定语 ⒈不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后.如: ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ②Have you anything to be taken to your sister ③Do you have anything to say on the question ④Would you please give me some paper to write on ⑤My wish to visit France has e true at last. 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系: (1)表示将来的动作(例①). (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④). (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②). (4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive. ⒉动名词作定语 ①This passage can be used as listening materials. ②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. ③All moving bodies have energy. ①②句动名词作定语说明一种效能,即:用来……的;第③句为现在分词作定语,单个分词作定语常置于 被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后.如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua. 五,不定式作补足语 ⒈作宾语补足语 一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为,状态,特征,这时意思才相 对完整. (1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(强迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等.如: ①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary ②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2)部分动词后常接to be+形容词,名词短语等形式,有时to be可省略,如:believe, consider, discover, find(=consider), feel(=think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose, see(=understand), understand等. ①We all believe John(to be)honest. ②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. 但当不定式是完成式时,to不能省略,如:We consider him to have been foolish. (3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to. ①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it. ②They make the students do too much homework every day. 这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,如第②句:The students are made to do too much homework every day. (4)help, know后面的"to"可有可无.如: Would you please help me(to) fill in the tax form I've never known her(to)be late before.但:He was known to have been to France before. (5)部分短语动词后,常接不定式作宾补,如: You may depend on them to be there early. The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy. 常这样用的短语动词有:ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for(渴望), prepare for, wish for等. ⒉作主语补足语 不定式作主语补足语,和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系.如: ①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late. ②The young university student is considered to have great promise. 六,不定式作状语 ⒈作目的状语 (1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen. ②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor. (2)有时为了强调,不定式前可加in order或so as.如: Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to fet it. 有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首,但so as to不能这样用.在这种句式中不定式部 分可转换为so that, in order that, 成为目的状语从句,如: I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen. (3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词,过去分词或动词之后可接不定式,如:astonished, glad, happy, laugh , pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised等. ①We are glad to hear the news. ②I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well. 在部分形容词后接不定式,用主动形式表示被动意义,这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语.如:The question raised by the student is difficult to answer. The room is really fortable to live in. 常这样用的形容词有:fortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible等. ⒉作结果状语 We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. 不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中.如: ①so…as to; such…as to I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来. I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing. ②enough…to The speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner. ③only to Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital. ④too…to I'm too tired to stay up longer. 但在下列结构中,too…to并非是"太……而不能……"之意.如: ①I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了.(too修饰glad to have…,相当 于very) ②We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了(不定式作定语). ⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首,句中或句末.如: To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome. 常见的短语有to be exact(确切地说),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(说句对他公道的 话),to be sure(真的)等等.
记得采纳啊

动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别。

动词不定式
一、 基本形式
a.不定式的基本形式是“小品词to﹢动词原形” 即to﹢v. ；但有时也可省去to, 即：(to) ﹢v. 。
b.分词有两种基本形式：现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。
①现在分词的基本形式是动词的—ing形式，如，writing, doing ,working ,going, etc.
②过去分词的基本形式是：a) 规则动词﹢ed, 即v.-ed, 如，visit→visited ,ask→asked ,dig→digged ,etc; b) 不规则动词有其自身的过去式和过去分词，学生需要用心熟记，方能正确使用。如，go→went→gone; do→did→done, etc .
c． 动名词的基本形式与现在分词的基本形式相同，都是动词的—ing 形式，如，doing ,writing ,doing ,etc .
二、 时态、语态及其基本用法
A. 不定式
1．不定式的时态、语态有三种形式：①一般式，如，to write / to be written ;②进行式，如，to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式，如，to have written / to have been written 。
2．基本用法
①不定式的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如：
He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.)
I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.)
He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.)
②不定式的进行式，表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .)
I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.)
③．不定式的完成式，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. )
Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …)
B． 动名词
1.动名词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式，如，writing / being written ; ②完成式，如，having written / having been written 。
2.基本用法
①动名词的一般式不表示动作正在进行，但作具有状语性质的宾语时，动名词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如：
The teacher is busy collecting the students’ exam papers.
②动名词的完成式在作具有状语性质的宾语时，表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。如：
He was praised by the teacher for having done the work wonderfully.
He felt so sorry for not having been given the chance to work in the pany.

动名词与分词中的现在分词的用法有什么区别？

动名词（gerund）和现在分词（present participle）的区别
所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.
而现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语
所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语,宾语,同位语时,它肯定时gerund.
当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是present participle.
它们有可能被弄错的是作表语和定语时.其实也很好区分
1. 作表语: 我们知道, 名词和形容词都可以作表语.
This is water(n.).
It is transparent(adj).
这时你肯定能明白,如果-ing作表语相当于n.它就是gerund. 反之相当于adj.时它就是present.participle.
The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring.
One of the best exercises is swimming.
2. 作定语时的区别我在回答中已经解释了. 动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的效能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.
a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for sleeping
a sleeping child = a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作)
(呵呵下面再请你告诉我它们分别是什么吧!
a swimming girl
a swimming pool
3. 最后来解释修饰他们到底该用是adv, 还是adj.
无论是Present participle. 还是gerund, 它们都叫做动词的-ing形式(所以若有人分不清它们时,多把它们混为一谈).也就是说它们都有动词的特点,故而都可用adv修饰.
eg: Reading a novel intently, I didn’t realize he came in. (reading, 现分作状语, 用adv intently修饰)
eg: My dream is speaking English perfectly. (speaking动名词,副词perfectly修饰.)
但gerund不仅有动词的特点,它也有名词的特点,这就决定了它也可以像名词一样用物主代词,形容词来修饰.
Would you mind my(物主代词) sitting here?
The mellow(愉快的, 形容词) singing of the birds announces the ing of spring