名词性从句和定语从句that 名词性从句中that的用法

名词性从句中that的用法  

名词性从句中that的用法

一．that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。（that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。）
For example:
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的头发正在变白，这使她很不安。that引导主语从句，it 作形式主语，that 不能省略。
That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知，她是个富有的女人。这是that 引导主语从句，that 不能省略。这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写：It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.）
We didn’t know (that) you had sold your house. 我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了。这是that引导宾语从句，that 可以省略。注意这句话的时态。
二.宾语从句。
1． that 引导的宾语从句: that 没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略
例如：
I really feel she’s making a mistake. 我的确感到她正犯错误。
James said (that) he was feeling better. 詹姆斯说他感到好些了。
Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him.听说儿子受了重伤，他急忙赶到医院去看望他。
I suggested that we should go home. 我建议我们回家去。虚拟语气，that 一般不能省略。
2．whether/if (是否)引导的宾语从句：如果要突出“究竟是…还是不…”，常在whether 后面加or not; if 一般不与or not连用。如：
He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。
Let me know whether you can e or not. 你能来还是不能来，告诉我一声。
三.、 同位语从句
同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有是也用when, where 等疑问词。
如：
The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise. 美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊。
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe. 人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。
The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实。
They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了。
注意：同位语从句的that 只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略；而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略

名词性从句中where的用法

where可以表示"地点"概念，还可以表示"场合"、"形势"、"情况"等概念。如：
Where the meeting will be held is not known yet. (主语从句)
I don't know where I am mistaken. (宾语从句)
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. (表语从句)
The question where he has gone puzzles us. (同位语从句)

what在名词性从句中的用法

“what” 常做名词性从句中的引导词：参考：what在名词性从句中作主语和宾语，that在名词性从句中不占句子成分。what不能用于状语从句和定语从句。宾语从句和表语从句宾语从句和表语从句是从句中较为简单的一种。这两种从句是以句子的形式代替了主句中的宾语或表语，也就是直接占据了谓语后宾语或表语的位置，比较明显。引导宾语从句或表语从句的引导词最常用的是that，以及关系代词what，which，who(whom),关系副词when，where，how，whether。由于主从复合句中有两套主谓结构，因而要注意时态的搭配。时态搭配的原则是从句服从主句，但是可以根据情况灵活配置，不过主从句之间不出现时段断层。因而一般常见的配置组合为：主句 现在时 过去时 将来时从句 现在时，过去时，将来时 过去的时态 一般现在时注：当从句的内容是客观真理时，无论主句是什么时态，从句永远用一般现在时，例：The teacher told the students that the light travels faster than the sound in the air.定语从句定语从句是从句充当定语的用法，引导词与时态搭配的规则与宾语从句相同。定语从句与宾语从句区分的要点是宾语从句充当主句的宾语，占据了主句中宾语的位置，而定语从句的主句结构完整，定语从句在引导词的引导下跟在被修饰的主句的主语或宾语（表语）之后，起修饰作用，而被修饰的词语称为先行词。例如：①People don’t know who runs in the morning in the park everyday.人们不知道是谁每天早晨在公园里跑步。②People don’t know the man who runs in the morning in the park everyday.人们不知道那个每天早晨在公园里跑步的人是谁。在②中，主句部分People don’t know the man句子结构是完整的，the man是被从句修饰的成分，即先行词。注意，that是引导短语从句的引导词中最灵活而且用法最多的，通常可以代替所有关系代词（which，what，who，whom），而且有几种情况必须使用that：A.先行词是不定代词时；B.先行词受形容词最高级修饰时；C.当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时D.当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时；E.当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时；F.当先行词既包含人又包含物时当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时；G.当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。以下两种情况一般只使用which：在“介词＋关系代词”结构中先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时。当先行词为时间，地点或方式名词时，就有是使用关系代词和关系副词的问题了。原则非常简单：如果从句主谓宾结构完整，就使用关系副词；如果从句主谓宾结构不完整，使用关系代词。例如:①This is the place where they met each other for the first time.这是他们第一次见面的地方。②This is the place that they will never frt.这是他们永远不会忘记的地方。在①中，从句部分的主谓宾结构是完整的，因而主句中的“place”充当了从句的地点状语，所以使用了关系副词where；在②中从句中没有宾语，因而主句中的“place” 充当了从句的宾语，所以使用了关系代词that。注意定语从句中有一类非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般不用what

which在名词性从句中的用法的用法, 名词性从句中which的用法有哪些？

which在名词性从句的用法：
1.宾语从句
which是一个连接代词,在宾语从句中可以充当主语，宾语或定语。意思是“哪一个”如：I don't know which bike belongs to my father.
I wonder which is better ,this one or that one?
He asked me which I liked best.
2.主语从句
which 在主语从句中的用法与宾语从句相类似。
which boy she likes best is still a mystery.
Which students will be sent to take part in the sports meeting hasn't been decided.
3.表语从句
which 在表语中的用法与主语从句和宾语从句的用法也相似。
如：His question is which student is the best at English.
The question is which place he wants to go to .
4.同位语从句
which在同位语从句中的用法不多，只用在某些名词的后面，常见的有idea。
I have no idea which picture is the most beautiful of all.
顺便讲一下，what引导的名词性从句，也是连接代词，但表示的是泛指的东西；which指的是在一定的范围内，哪一个。

名词性从句中what的用法？（详细）

1.与表示人的名词或人称代词连用,用来提问对方或第三者的职业或身份.例如：
What is Comrade Liu?刘同志是做什么的?
“What are you?” “I'm a worker.” “你是做什么的?”“我是工人.”
2.与介词like连用,表示“怎么样”和“象什么”的意思.例如：
What is the weather like today?今天天气怎么样?
What is the elephant's leg like?大象的腿象什么?
What does your girlfriend look like?你女朋友长得什么样?
3.与about连用,用来表示征求意见或询问消息,表示“对于……怎么样”的意思.例如：
What (is your opinion) about going out for a walk?我们出去散散步怎么样?
You didn't recognize your uncle at the station at once?What about your elder sister?你在车站没有立即认出你叔叔?那你姐姐呢?

名词性从句的用法

名词性从句就是句子担任名词性的成分，如主语，宾语，表语，同位语。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句
（1）What he said is true.
（2）When they will arrive is not known yet.
（3）That he sueeded in doing the experiment was encouraging.
（4）Whether he will aept the invitation remains a secret.
（5）It is important that we should learn English well.
2. 宾语从句
（1）I don't know if he has done the work.
（2）Did he say that he liked football ?
（3）They expected that they would be given another chance.
（4）The girl told me that she had longed to visit China.
3. 表语从句
（1）The question is whether we have enough time to do the experiment again.
（2）His greatest wish was that someday he would bee a general.
（3）His suggestion was that we should discuss the plan carefully.
（4）My question is when they can finish the work.
4. 同位语从句
（1）You have no idea how eager they are to know the result.
（2）He made a suggestion that the work should be given to him.
（3）Have you heard the news that Premire Wen visited our school last Friday ？
（4）The fact that he got full mark in the position made his parents very happy.

名词性从句主要从以下几点把握：
1. 语序。从句一定要是陈述语序。如：
（1）These pictures will show you what the village looks like now.
（2）How many guests will be invited isn’t decided yet.
2. 时态。宾语从句的时态需要和主句进行协调。如主句是过去时，从句要用相应的过去时。
（1）He told me that he had seen the film.
（2）They said they would spend their holiday in Hainan.
（3）Father said he was carrying out an important project.
（4）Did you know where the aident took place ?
3. 连词。引导名词性从句的连词分为三种：连词 that, whether, if （在主语、表语、同位语从句中用 whether 不用if ）；连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 等; 连接副词 when, where, how, why 等。
（1）Whether the team has won the game is not announced yet. （主语从句）
（2）How many people will take part in the petition will be known soon. （主语从句）
（3）My idea is that we should spend our holidays by the seaside. （表语从句）
（4）My question is how they finished the work in such a short time. （表语从句）
（5）Many people are shocked at the news that there are so many SARS cases in Beijing. （同位语从句）
（6）His suggestion that we should discuss the plan again has been received. （同位语从句）
（7）I didn’t know if they had seen the film. （宾语从句）
（8）We haven’t decided when we’ll start the project. （宾语从句）
4. 形式主语和形式宾语的应用：
当主语从句比较长，主句比较短时，通常用形式主语it，而把从句放在后面，如：
（1）It is said that they have sueeded in working out the problem.
（2）It was important that we should make the plan carefully.
（3）It remains a secret how the animals came to live in the sea.
当宾语从句后面有补语的时候,我们也需要用形式宾语it, 而将宾语从句放在补语之后,如：
（1）I found it very difficult that one learns several languages at the same time.
（2）He thinks it necessary that we should be given more time practising oral English.
（3）He made it clear that he would leave the office soon.
5. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用: 在demand， insist， suggest， mand， require， request， order， propose 等表示命令， 要求，请求，建议等意义的动词后，宾语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式为: should do ， should 可省，直接用动词原形，如:
（1）He suggested that we （should） go outing this weekend.
（2）The Emperor ordered that the clothes （should） be made for him at once.
（3）He insisted that we （should） stay for lunch.
这种虚拟语气也可以运用在其他的名词性从句中,从句内容不变, 如:
（1）It was suggested that we should go outing this weekend. （主语从句）
（2）He made a suggestion that we should go outing this weekend. （同位语从句）
（3）His suggestion was that we should go outing this weekend. （表语从句）
6. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别:
定语从句修饰前面的名词,而同位语从句说明前面名词的内容,引导定语从句的that在从句中担任名词性成分,而同位语从句中的 that 不担任任何句子成分.如:
（1）Have you heard the news that was broadcast this morning ? （定语从句）
（2）Have you heard the news that we defeated the Japanese football team ?（同位语从句）
（3）What do you think of the suggestion that was put forward by Lily ?（定语从句）
（4）What do you think of the suggestion that we should speak only English in class ?（同位语从句）
7. 几个容易混淆的连词：
A. whether 和 if：whether可以用在所有的名词性从句中；而if 只能用于宾语从句，另外，如果有介词的话，仍然用whether。
（1）Whether the advice will be aepted is not known. （主语从句,不可以用if）
（2）I have no idea whether he will e. （同位语从句,不可以用if.）
（3）The problem is whether we have enough time to do it again. （表语从句,不可以用if .）
（4）He didn’t tell me whether （if ） he would aept my invitation. （宾语从句,两者都可以）
（5）Everything depends on whether we have enough manpower. （介词之后不用if ）
B. what 和 that：that 在名词性从句中不担任句子成分；what 在名词性从句中做主语，宾语，表语等，通常译为”所．．．的”，如：
（1）What we have done is very important. （what 做宾语）
（2）That they have done the work is good news. （that 无句子成分）
（3）I believe what he said. （what 做宾语）
（4）I believe that he told truth. （that 无句子成分）

that在各名词性从句中的用法，详解…

在复合句中，起名词作用的从句，称为名词性从句。根据句法功能，名词性从句可以分为主语从句，宾语从句??表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句不论是用什么词来引导，从句都必须用陈述句语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。疑问代词或疑问副词充当引导词时，有词汇意义且在从句中担当一定的成分;whether(if只用于宾语从句)作引导词仅有词汇意义且不在句中担当任何成分;如果从句的语法成分完整，主从句语意通顺时一般就该用that来引导。
一??that 用于引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，尤其是在口语中。而that引导主语从句??表语从句??同位语从句时一般不能省略。如:
He told me (that) the meeting had been put off.
That our volleyball team had beaten theirs pleased every one of us.
The problem with building the factory is that we are lack of money.
Word came that he has recovered from the bad disease.
that引导宾语从句时在以下几种情况中不能省略:
1. 宾语从句为多个并列句时，前面分句的that可以省略，但最后一个分句的引导词that不能省略。如:
He told me (that) he had entered a university in Nanjing and that he was enjoying the college life there.
2. 宾语从句本身为一个复合句且复合句中的从句位于主句前时，that不能省略。
He said that if I went there， he would go too.
She believes that what the teacher says must be right.
3. 主句与宾语从句加入了插入语时。
He said， in his opinion， that it was too early for middle school students to carry cell-phones.
4. that引导的宾语从句后置，用形式宾语it代替时。
China has made it clear to the world that it is strongly against terrorism.
5. 跟在介词but， besides， except等后引导宾语从句时。
Your position is very good except that there are a few mistakes.
二??that引导主语从句可以用形式主语it来代替并将从句后置，从而达到平衡句子的目的。这样的句式有:
1. It’s+名词+that…用于该句型的名词有a pity， a great pleasure， no wonder， (high) time等。
It’s a pity that you shouldn’t go with us to the concert tonight.
It’s high time that they started to work.
2. It’s+形容词+that…用于该句型的形容词有possible， necessary， important， natural， strange 等。
It’s true that his brother got his left hand hurt when he was working on the machine.
It’s necessary that we practiced speaking English as often as possible.
3. It+不及物动词+that… 用于该句型的不及物动词有happen， our， appear等。
It happened that a doctor was on the train at that very moment.
It ourred to me that I was going the wrong way.
4. It’s+过去分词+that…用于该句型的过去分词有said， reported， announced等。
It is said that o people got killed in the traffic aident yesterday.
It is announced that China is strongly against terrorism.
三??当that引导的宾语从句后接有补足语时，也习惯将从句后置，而用形式宾语it代替。即句型:主语+think/consider/find…+it+补足语(形容词或名词)+that宾语从句。如:
We all think it great fun that we learn English in Mr. Hu’s class.
Mr. Green considers it important that students should form good habits of learning.
四??doubt作动词时其后的宾语从句及作名词时其后的同位语从句只能用that来引导。如:
We don’t doubt that he is fit for this job.
There is no doubt that we Chinese are determined to s Taiwan from being separated from mainland.
五??名词the reason作主语或why开头的主语从句，其后的表语从句只能用that引导，不能用because。如:
The reason for ing late is that I was caught in the traffic jam.
Why she kept silent about the matter is that she didn’t want to be involved in it.
六??that和whether都不作句中成分，区别时要从主句来寻找信息。若主句中有question， hasn’t been decided， is not known yet， depends on， wonder， doubt…等词语时且表示“不肯定”或事物的“两面性”时应用whether;而表示“肯定性”??“单一性”则应用that。如:
例1 The question came up at the meeting ____ we had enough money for our research.
A. whether B. that C. what D. where
分析:本题主语the question后带有一个同位语从句，由于从句不缺少必要成分，因此C项不符合，D项放入从句也说不通顺，如果选B，则是肯定的陈述“我们有足够的钱搞研究”，这怎么会成为“问题”呢?而“是否有”才是我们在会上讨论的问题。故答案为A。

例2 Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this ing Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
分析:本句为倒装句，主语promise后带有一个同位语从句。分析该从句可以发现句子必要成分完整，因而可以否定选项A??C，如果选D项，则表明两种可能“来”和“不来”，那和没“许诺”一样，因此不符合题意。而选B表示“肯定”，意思是“在信中他答应圣诞节时来看我们。”

名词性从句跟定语从句中that跟which的用法

定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
注意1 that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时.
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.
注意2that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3) 主句中已有疑问词时
Which is the bike that you lost?
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.
定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语 副词
=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
先行词 关系副词
in which I was born.
介词+关系代词
which I was born in.
关系代词
这里作介宾的which和that可以省略
that I was born in
关系代词.

名词性从句的what和who的用法？

what引导名词性从句的五种用法
一、用法归纳
1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2. 表示“……的人或的样子”：
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
3. 表示“……的数量或数目”：
Our ine is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”：
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
二、用法说明
(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：
你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.
误：You can have everything what you like.
(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：
I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：
误：I gave him what book I had.
(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。 如：
I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。
I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。

who在名词性从句做主语和宾语都是指人。
如：
who he is dosen't matter..