代词是什么 指示代词的分类和句法功能

指示代词的分类和句法功能  

指示代词（demonstrative pronoun）是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义。
1） 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：
单数this / that 复数these / those
限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代词： This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2) 指示代词的句法功能；
a. 作主语
This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。
This is my book.这是我的书。
Those are exactly what I need.那些正是我所需要的。
b. 作宾语
I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。
Can you accept that?你能接受吗？
We should always keep this in mind. 我们应当经常记住这一点。
c. 作表语
My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。
My plan is like that.我的计划就是这样。
It was this that reminded me of. 就是这个提醒了我。
d. 作介词宾语
I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。
With this he got up and went out.他说着就站起来走出去了。
Go in this direction. 照这个方向走。
e.作定语
For this reason, the middle class will bear much of the burden of rising taxes.因为这个原因，中产阶级会从税收上升中承受更大的负担。
We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我们必须懂得他们这一套鬼花招。
The oute of this election will be determined by the votes and by the law.选举结果会由投票结果和法律共同决定。