开了一个冰箱发现一个世界 Quora精选：发明冰箱以前 人类如何保存食物

Quora精选：发明冰箱以前 人类如何保存食物  

,Before Refrigerators Were Invented, How Did People Preserve Their Food (Particularly Meat) So That It Didn't Spoil?,在发明冰箱以前，人们是如何保存食物不致腐烂（尤其是肉类）？,获得6.2k好评的回答@Kian Bakhtiari,All the answers have focused on fairly new and recent systems of refrigeration.,所有的回答都把注意力集中在近现代的保鲜系统上。,But in 500 BCE – The yakhchal (meaning "ice pit" in Persian;) an ancient Persian type of refrigerator was invented.,但是在公元前500年，古老波斯的冰箱-yakhchal（在波斯语言中意为冰坑）就已经被发明了。,The structure was formed from a mortar resistant to heat transmission, in the shape of a dome.,它是由砂浆构成的，以防止热传递，形状类似于圆顶。,Snow and ice was stored beneath the ground, effectively allowing access to ice even in hot months and allowing for prolonged food preservation.,雪和冰贮藏在地下，能够使冰块在夏季也能够获得，并且有效延长食物保质期。,In Europe and other less developed nations (at the time) spices were used to preserve meat. The most popular being salt since pepper was still expensive and difficult to attain.,在欧洲以及其他少数发达国家（当代）辣椒曾被用于储藏肉类。但是盐会更加的通用，因为辣椒较贵而且不易获得。,获得2.7k好评的回答@Patrick Bendahan,1- drying (eg in the sun or via other methods ; eg bresaola, beef jerky),1.晒干。（比如日晒或者通过其他办法；例如牛肉干）,2- cooling (eg leaving outside the window in the cold),2.冷却。（例如将食物放置窗外）,3- freezing (eg burying in the snow),3.冰冻（例如埋在雪里）,4- smoking (eg ham),4.烟燻（例如火腿）,5- stewing (note: temperatures above 63 degrees Celsius are considered adequate for preserving food by today's standards),5.炖（提示：温度达到63摄氏度相当于当今保鲜食物的标准）,6- canning (eg vienna sausages),6.罐装（例如维也纳香肠）,7- jellying (eg 'pig head' jelly),胶凝（例如胶凝猪头）,8- pickling (eg corned beef),8.醃制（例如醃牛肉）,9- burying in the ground,9.埋于地下。,（翻译：苏梨）