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虚拟语气经典例句 英语中Should的用法,包括虚拟语气中它有只做预期词这一用法吗?

火烧 2021-08-08 02:01:31 1079
英语中Should的用法,包括虚拟语气中它有只做预期词这一用法吗? 英语中Should的用法,包括虚拟语气中它有只做预期词这一用法吗? hould 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义

英语中Should的用法,包括虚拟语气中它有只做预期词这一用法吗?  

英语中Should的用法,包括虚拟语气中它有只做预期词这一用法吗?

should 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富,因而一直是历年高考关注的热点。现将其具体用法分述如下: 一 . should 作为助动词 shall 的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。例如: The group leader announced that we should (= would ) begin to work soon. 小组长宣布:我们不久就开始工作。 A week ago, I told him that I should (= would) go to Beijing the next day. 一个星期以前,我告诉他我第二天就去北京。 二 . should 作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互换使用。例如: You should (= are supposed to ) plete your test in time. 你们应该按时做完你们的实验。 You should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once. 你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。 In sum, theory should be bined with practice. 总之,理论应该与实验相结合。 三 . should 作为情态动词,可以用在条件状语从句中,表示语气较强的假设,译作“万一”、“竟然”,这时也可将 should 置于从句之首,即将 should 放在主语前面,而省略从属连词 if .例如: If you should fail to e, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. (= Should you fail to e, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ) 万一你来不了,就叫陈夫人代替你。 If anyone should e, say I am not at home. (= Should anyone e, say I am not at home. ) 万一有人来访,就说我不在家。 If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go. (= Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go.) 万一明天天下雨,我就不去了。 四 . should 作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可……”、“倒……”。例如: I should say that it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。 You are mistaken, I should say. 据我看,你搞错了。 He should expect their basketball team to win the match. 他倒是希望他们的篮球队赢得这场比赛的胜利。 五 . should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why, who, how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。例如: When I went out, whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li ! 当我出去时,想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友小李!

虚拟语气经典例句 英语中Should的用法,包括虚拟语气中它有只做预期词这一用法吗?

虚拟语气中should的用法高手指教

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如:
I would certainly go if I had time.(现在)
If it should rain,we wouldn”t go out.(将来)
If I knew German,I would read the paper to you.(现在)
If he were here,we could ask him.(现在)
(2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如:
If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
She would / might have e if she hadn”t been so busy.
If I hadn”t taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.
If only you hadn”t told him the news.
(3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如:
Had they time(=If they had time),they would certainly e and help us.
Should it be fine(=If it should be fine),we would go for an outing.
Were I go(=If I were you), I would go.
(4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如:
If it had rained last night(过去),It would be very cold today(现在).
If I had taken your advice(过去),I should have no trouble with the work now(现在).
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,mand,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如:
I suggest that we(should)set off at once.
The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed.
I wish I were as strong as you.
would rather that you hadn”t told him.

3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.
It is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.
It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.
4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.
My advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.
Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?
5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.
He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.
6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:
在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟

英语中虚拟语气的用法

补充:还有一种情况是“不可能的假设”也要用虚拟语气,如:我要是那时不那么大的声音说话他就不会生气了; 如果你是他你会怎么办? 如果你是鸟你就可以自由的翱翔等等

 虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令.
May you be happy.
May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快.
May the friendship beeen us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久.
Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快!You go out!你出去!
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中.动词 wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求.
I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边.
I wish I could help him.我希望我能帮助他.
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿.
动词 demand,suggest,order,insist,propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略.
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了.
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服.
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中.
在句型 "It is important (necessary,strange,natural) that ." 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用:should + 动词原形.
Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步.
Its natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的.
Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人.

英语的虚拟语气中should与ought to 的用法区别是??!

1. 表示均表示“应该”、“按理应当”,有时可互换,只是 ought to 语气更重,较多地反映客观,should 则强调主观看法,用于条件句表示“万一”,还有“竟然”之意。2. 谈论现在的情况,后接动词原形;谈论正在进行的情况,后接动词的进行式;谈论过去的情况,后接动词的完成式。如:He ought not to [should not] do that. 他不应当这样做。You should [ought to] be listening. 你应该听才对。He should [ought to] arrived by now. 到现在他们应该已经到了。3. 有时表示推测,语气较肯定,通常是指非常可能的事(因为暗示有一定的事实依据或合乎常理),而与之相比,may, might, could 等则相对较弱,尤其是 might, could。请看一道考题(from hxen.):“When can I e for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.”“They _____ be ready by 12:00.”A. can B. should C. might D. need在四个备选项中,A、B和C均表示推测,但A通常不用于肯定句中表示推测,故不宜选;B和C虽均可用于肯定句表示推测,但根据对话情景顾客下午要照片,如果店主中午12点还不能把照片冲洗出来,那么生意肯定难做成,所以店主应用肯定语气较强的should(=应该)来回答顾客,而不是用语气较弱的might(=有可能),即应选B不选C;至于选项D,它作为情态动词通常不用于肯定句,不能选。
From: :hxen./grammar/qingtai/2010-03-06/102958.

英语中的虚拟语气的用法

关于英语中虚拟语气的用法介绍 1.用于if引出的条件句中
虚拟语气用于if引出的与现在、过去及将来事实相反的条件句中。1)与现在事实相反的假设
从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。
If he were here,he would be greatly surprised.
The spaceship would burn up if it went too close to the stars.
2)与过去事实相反的假设
从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,主句用“should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词”。
If I had been more careful,I wouldn't have made so many silly mistakes.
3)对将来发生的事实的假设
从句的谓语动词用“should(were to)+动词原形”,主句用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”,主从句的谓语动词也可和“与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语相同。
If you should miss the chance,you would feel sorry for it.
If you missed the chance,you would feel sorry for it.
4)错综时间条件句
主句和从句的动作发生时间不一致,动词的形式应根据所表示的时间做出调整。
If I were you,I would have attended the lecture.(从句表示现在时间,主句表示过去时间)
5)连词if的省略
条件句中连词if可以省略,但从句要倒装,即将would,had,should等置于主语前。
Were he here this afternoon,I would go with him.2.用于wish后的宾语从句中
虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中,表示现在、过去或将来不太可能实现的愿望1)表示现在的愿望
谓语动词用一般过去式,系动词用were。
I wish I knew his address.
I wish he were a teacher.
2)表示过去的愿望
谓语动词用“had+过去分词”
I wish I had not told him the news.
3)表示将来的愿望
谓语动词用“would(could,might)+动词原形”。
I wish I could read the novel in English.3.用于as if等引起的从句中
虚拟语气用于as if(as though)引起的状语从句或表语从句中,表示与现在、过去或将来的情况不符,其谓语动词形式与wish后宾语从句的形式相同。
He often treats me as if I were a child.
Peter talked as if he had really been there.
He acts as if he would be a football star.
She looks as if she were ill.4.用于特定词语后的宾、主、表及同位语从句中
虚拟语气用于表示要求、建议、命令等意义的动词、名词及形容词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中。其形式都是“sould+动词原形”,should可省略。1)用于宾语从句中
常用的动词:ask,advise,mand,decide,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等。
He insisted that we all(should) be in his office at six.
The doctor suggested that she (should) take a trip.
2)用于主语从句中
常用的结构:It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句(用虚拟语气)
常见的形容词或分词:essential,urgent,necessary,important,advisable,natural,desired,demanded,ordered,required,suggested等。
It is necessary that this machine(should) be oiled every day.
It is required that the machine be tested.
3)用于表语从句或同位语从句中
常用的名词:advice,mand,demand,desire,idea,order,proposal,request requirement等。
His suggestion is that we go out on a piic next Sunday.(表语从句)
His suggestion that we go out on a piic next Sunday is wonderful.(同位语从句)5. 用于“it is time+从句”中
虚拟语气用于“It is(high,about)time+从句”这一结构中,从句谓语动词用过去式,表示早该做而仍未做的事。
It is high time that we went back to college.6.用于would rather等引起的从句中
虚拟语气用于wouldhad rather(would prefer,would sooner)引起的从句中,其谓语动词用过去式,表示当时或将来的情况;其谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,表示过去的情况。
I would rather you didn't tell him anything about it.
She would prefer that she had not stayed at home last night.7.用于lest等引导的状语从句中
虚拟语气用于lest或in case引起的状语从句中,其谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should一般不可省。
He took his umbrella with him in case it should rain.8.其他情况
without,but for,but that等引出的短语可表示虚拟条件意义,主句用虚拟语气。
Without a puter,they would not have finished their calculation so quickly.

疑:在虚拟语气中would should 的用法与区别比较

情态动词所表达的可能性程度:must/can't  should/shouldn't  might/may (not)
另外两个"类情态词的形式:"need/needn't; have to/don't have to
 最自然的虚拟状态:由should/would+原型时态(不含时间只含状态)
本质上是过去将来时:即,时间固定在过去将来,状态不同:一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"(而现在却还没有……)
(本来可以……,本来能……)
I should go! (… but I'm still here!) (一般)
I should be working now! (进行)
I should have practiced more (than I did)! (完成)
我应该多多练习!(言下之意,现在我练习得不多。)
I shouldn't dream away my time too much! (完成的否定)
(actually I did dream away my time too much!)
It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time! (完成进行)
I may/might/could have finished! (完成)
一些常见的句型中,就会出现这种虚拟语气,而处于从句之中,should 常常被省略掉
o suggest, advise, propose, remend, plan;
o demand, order, direct, arrange, mand, decide;
o require, request;
o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.
由于他们的含义中包含"建议,假设,应该"这类的含义,所以,由他们引起的从句中,就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。
这些动词(以及他们的名次形式,分词形式)引起的从句还有其他的变形:
主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
It's suggested that…
My suggestion is that…
The only suggestion that...
The only suggestion I can give you now is that…
一些形容词引起的表语从句中,也会有同样的情况
important; necessary; essential
It's natural ; strange; incredible that
a pity; a shame; no wonder
 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should
 表达与事实相反
1. 与现在相反:使用[过去时]:
I wish I were not here! (一般现在一般过去)
Suppose we were not here.
He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在一般过去)
Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行过去进行)
If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成过去完成)
What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行过去完成进行)
常考句型:It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…
这两个从句,只能表达对现在的看法,所以,从句中只有一般过去时。
2. 与过去相反:过去完成时;
How nice it is if I had past the test!
How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning!
3. 与将来相反?将来的事情没有发生,所以只能推测。
If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to stay one day more.
不过,由于可以用be to表示将来;所以,虚拟语气中经常出现were to;也是CET-4的常考语法点。
 虚拟条件句
o if 部分,做一个与事实相反的假设(所以只有一般过去和过去完成);
o 主句部分,这是表示基于这个假设的推测,一般使用情态动词would,少数情况下使用could/might/may。
o 注意:两个部分之间,是有逻辑关系,而在两部分的谓语动词时态上,没有必然的联络。
 注意,虚拟条件句中的if可以省略,造成were/had提前,产生倒装。
 隐含的非真实条件
What would you do with 50 thousand dollar?
How could I be happy without you?
除了条件状语从句之外,原因状语从句也会出现虚拟语气。
o 由in order that, so that引起的从句,肯定的时候可以使用may/might; can/could; 否定的时候,多用shouldn't;
o whoever, whatever, no matter what引起的从句中,多用may+
情态动词的基本用法及其区别
最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高考试题所设定的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。
一、用“情态动词+have +done”结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 “对立统一”来概括。
1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用“统一”关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有:
must have done:
表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作“一定做了……”,只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done?
疑问式为Can/Could...have done?。
could /might have done:表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测,常译作“可能做了……”。如:
1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he
_____ your lecture. ?
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
本题选A。
2) Jack ____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived
B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived
D. need not have arrived (C)
2.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助“but, however, instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有:
should have done / ought to have done:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。
should not have done / ought not to have done:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。
need have done:表示过去本来有必要去做某事,但事实上没有做。
need not have done:表示过去本来没有必要做某事,但事实上却做了。如:
3) I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
(NMET2001)
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
“本不应该离家出走却走了”,故本题选B。
4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
(NMET’94)
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系,分析题意可知本题应选C。
二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握,因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义,并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。
5) —Is John ing by train?
—He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”;cannot 表示“不可能”;need not 表示“不必要”;may not
表示“可能不”。分析语境可知本题应选D。
6) —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ______ I have a look?
—Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许可,may表示“允许、可以”,语气比较委婉? shall常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示,如果此空用shall,则意为“要(我)看一下吗?”,不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。
7) Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A. can B. should C. may D. must
must be 表示肯定的猜测,只能用于肯定句中,由题意可知本题应选A。
8) —Are you ing to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
由题意和下句中的 “I’m not sure”
可知这段对话中存在一种可能性推测,might可以用来表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断,故本题选D。又如: I should have been there, but I _____ not find the time.
A. would B. could C. might D. should
分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力;C 项只表示语气上的可能性,与题意不符。故本题选B。
9) Johnny, you ____ play with the knife, you ____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
mustn’t 表示“不可以;禁止”,分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性,故本题选B。
10) —Will you stay for lunch?
—Sorry, ______. My brother is ing to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t
C. I needn’t D. I won’t
分析题意可知因为“我弟弟要来看我”,所以“不能留下”,因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A 项表示“禁止”;C项表示“不必要”;而D项表示“不会”,均不符合题意。故本题选B。又如:
—Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you _____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should (C)
11)—When can I e for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They _____ be ready by 12?00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
该题考查情态动词should的基本含义,分析句意可知本题应选B。又如:
12) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.(
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
该题考查了could和be able to的区别,二者都可表示过去时间的能力,但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was / were able to do,故本题选D。
13) —Shall I tell John about it ?
—No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 “没有必要了”,故本题选A

请问英语中虚拟语气的用法.

1) 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2) 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
1.真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型:条件从句 主句
一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形
If he es, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
2.非真实条件句
1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 : 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型: 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have sueeded.
c. 表示对将来的假想
句型: 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you sueeded, everything would be all right.
3.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
4.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
5特殊的虚拟语气词:should
1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形, should 可省略。
句型:
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted; + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame, no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, mand, insist + (should) do
注意: 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
6.wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作 过去时 过去完成时
(be的过去式为 were)
从句动作与主句动作同时发生 现在时 过去时
(had + 过去分词)
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +
动词原形
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
2)Wish to do表达法。
Wish sb / sth to do
7.比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
If only he es early. 但愿他早点回来。
8.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed.
9 need "不必做"和"本不该做"
didn't need to do表示: 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.
needn't have done表示: 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
语气是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等,所说的话有的与现在事实相反,或与过去事实相反,或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。除了if条件句外,还有几种常用的条件句,短语也可表示条件。此外,上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境。但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致,有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况。除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外,有些宾语从句或表语从句也有用虚拟语气的情况。
I虚拟语气的形式与基本用法
一、虚拟语气的形式
虚拟(条件)语气中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面四类
假设型别
条件从句谓语
动词形式
主语谓语
动词形式
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)
would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had+ -ED分词
would(第一人称可用should)
+have + -ED分词
与将来事实相反
were to + 动词原形
would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
与将来事实可能相反
should + 动词原形
would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
二、虚拟语气的基本用法
1. 与现在的事实相反
1) What type of automobile would you buy ?
〔D〕 if you were free to choose among all the cars available today
2. 与过去的事实相反(有时主句中的should have done表示责备或后悔)
2) ,he would have e to class.
〔D〕 If Mike had been able to finish his homework
3) If the United States had not entered the Second World War,probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14% still further.
〔C〕 would have risen
4) Top?grade 〔B〕 increased so sharply
3. 与将来的事实相反
5) The report would be 〔A〕 released last January if new developments had not
6) It is said Tom will go to an appointment tommorrow. If he were to e tomorrow, I ask him to go to your place.
〔B〕 would
7) If you to see Mary,what would you tell her?
〔D〕 were
4. 与将来的事实可能相反
(1) If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 要是万一 明天下雨,我就呆在家里不出去。 事实上 现在天气很好,明天下雨的可能性应该不大,不过也说不准。
(2) If I should see her next Monday, I would tell her about it. 如果下周一我能见到她的话我就把这件事告诉她。
II 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式
一、表示“好像”:除了if条件从句外,由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时,意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气。其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反;用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反
二、特殊连词的需要:lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should+加动词原形)
He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。)
三、介词短语表示虚拟: 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设
He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了。)
2) But for his help,I .
〔A〕 should not have sueeded
3) The plex society of a modern 〔C〕 the art of writing 4) But that he came to help me, I .
〔A〕 could not have sueeded
四、虚拟错综条件句:上面几种假设型别中,主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应。但是,如果主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整
If I had a bike(now), I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有脚踏车,昨天早就借给你了。(主句与过去事实相反,从句与现在事实相反。)
5) If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955,the housing problems now in some parts of this country so serious.
〔A〕 wouldn’t be
6) If you had not studied the problem carefully until recently .
〔C〕 you would find any difficulty now
五、省略虚拟条件句:虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是were或should(could, might), had等词时,可以省略连词If, 但要将were或should(could, might), had助动词移至主语前形成句子例装(参见第十三章“倒装句”)
7) today, he would get there by Thursday.
〔D〕 Were he to start out.
8) ,John would not have failed.
〔B〕 Had he listened to me
9) I known it,I should have told him.
〔B〕 Had
10) Hadn’t my car broken down,I the train.
〔A〕 should have caught
III 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况
一、在wish的宾语从句中
1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反
She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱。)
2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时,可用过去时,也可用would+动词原形
I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会。) 3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气,表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时
二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中:一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语,由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形。这些词可分为下列几类
1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句
suggest(建议), propose (提议), remend(建议), move (提议), advise(建议), insist(坚持), urge(极力主张), ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, mand(命令), decide, intend(打算), prefer(宁愿), urge(敦促)。

When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)
2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时,这时宾语从句一般用it来代替):这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should + 动词原形”或省略should,只用动词原形
it is necessary 【 essential (重要的), vital(极重要的,不可缺少的),important,imperative(必须的),urgent(紧要的),advisable(应该的),proper(适当的),obligatory (必须的),desirable(今人满意的,值得的),appropriate(合适的),fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that…; it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that … .
3. 下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接“that”引导的表语从句和同位语从句。这种由that引导的从句其谓语动词通常用should+动词原形或省略should。这类词有:order, request, requiremetn, insistence,suggestion, mand, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议),proposal(建议),remendation(建议),understanding(协议), resolution(决定,决议)
4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等
I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。
5. 另外,在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下,如果if省略,动词be与主语的位置要倒装
If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪,法院有权起诉。)
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错,我都会支援她的。)
但如果把引导词去掉,我们就要用倒装句,如上述几句可变为
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
三、it is (high) time, 〔该(必须)做……〕等词或短语后面的 从句 中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气
It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了。)
It is high time that this wrong spending .
〔C〕 was checked
此外,还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构,一般表示愿望,如: If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了。) 虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实,或是不可能发生的事情,而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。
一、在宾语从句中
1.当主句的谓语动词为“suggest,propose,advise,insist,order,demand,require,request, desire’’等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时,其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。例如:
I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight.我建议我们今晚开个会。
另外,当主句动词为“ask,move,urse”等意为 “要求”、 “提议”和“极力主张”时,其宾语从句也常用虚拟语气。例如:
I move that the money be used for books. 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。
2.当主句动词为wish,表示“但愿……”,“要是……该多好叼”之意时,其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式。
①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(BE动词常用were,但有时也可用was)。例如:
1 wish l remembered his address.我要是记住他的地址就好了。
有时;为了强调现在状态下能发生某种情况或进行某项动作,从句中的动词也可用过去进行式。例如:
1 wish it wasn’t raining.要是天不下雨就好
了。
②动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如:
We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。
He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。
③情态动词“would,could,might”等后接动词原形,表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如:
We wish he could e.我们希望他能来。
3.在prefer之后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:
We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution.我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。
4.在would rather之后的宾语从句中,其动词用虚拟语气,表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。
①用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。例如:
I’d rather you went home now.我宁愿让你现在就回家。
②用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。
例如:
I’d rather you hadn’t done that.我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。
二、在主语从句中
1.在句型“h is/was+过去分词+that从句”中,当过去分词为“suggested,ordered,desired,insisted, required,demanded,requested,decided,proposed,urged’’等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:
It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party.请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。
2.在句型“h is/Was+形容词+that从句”中,当形容词为“important,necessary,strange,natural’’等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:
It is strange that he (should) refuse your help.他竟然拒绝你们的帮助,真奇怪。
3.在句型“h is/was+名词+that从句” 中,当名词为“a pity,a shame,no wonder’等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:
It is a great pity that he should be sO selfish。真遗憾,他竟然那么自私。
三、在同位语从句或表语从句中
在名词“suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice’’等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中,用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:
I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句)
My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句)
四、在定语从句中
在句型“h is(high)time+(that)从句”中,谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念,意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。
例如:
h iS(hieh)time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。
五、在状语从句中
1.在假设条件句的if条件从句中
假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构:
①与现在的事实相反,其句子结构为“If+主语+were/谓语动词的过去式”。例如:
If 1 were you,I shouldn’t do that.如果我是你,就不会做那件事了。
②与过去的事实相反,其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如:
1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number.如果我知道你的电话号码,就打电话给你了。
③表示将来不太可能实现的条件,其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式/were to+动词原形/should+动词原形”。例如:
If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out.如果明天下雪,他们就不出去了。
注:在if从句中,如果含有“were,should,had’’时,可省去if而将“were,should,had’’置于句首,构成倒装句。例如:
Were l in your position,1 would go.如果我处在你的位子上,我就走了。
2.在目的状语从句中
①在由lest
和in case等引导的目的状语从句中,用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。例如:
He ran away lest he(should)be seen.他跑走了,以免被人看到。
in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。此时,从句表示的就是真实情况,而不是虚拟情况。例如:
Take warm clothes in case the weather iS cold.带上厚衣服,以防天气变冷。
②在由“so that…”和“in order that…”
引导的目的从句中,要用“can/could/may/might/would+动词原形”,以表示目的并非事实。例如:
she might/could take care of her sick mother. 她在家呆了几天,以便照顾她生病的母亲。
③在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中,用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用may/might/would)。例如:
He worked hard for fear that he should fail.他努力学习,害怕考试不及格。
3.在方式状语从句中
由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中,如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的,则①常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相
反;如果是BE动词,则用were;②常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。例如:
She loves the child as i厂he were her own.她爱这孩子就好像是她亲生的。
(实际上不是她亲生的孩子)
Holding his head high,he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn’t exist.他昂着头从旗杆和卫兵身旁走过,就像他们不存在似的。(实际上他们是存在的)
4.在原因状语从句中
在“I’m sorry that.—/We were surprised that一./They were disappointed that...”等引导的表示原因的状语从句中,用“should十动词原形”。例如:
I’m sorry that he should be in such poor health.他的身体这么差让我很难过。
上述句子有时也可以用陈述语气,但这仅表示所叙述的是事实,而不表示讲话人的情

虚拟语气中be动词的用法?

非正式用法吧。

  
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