您现在的位置是:首页 >

中国春节的习俗之为什么贴窗花?

火烧 2023-03-17 19:24:15 1062
中国春节的习俗之为什么贴窗花? 中国春节的习俗之为什么贴窗花?, 春节的习俗:春节为什么贴窗花中国春节的习俗之一:贴窗花的原因与由来:1、原因:贴窗花是春节节日里的一个重要环节,窗花不仅烘托了喜庆的节

中国春节的习俗之为什么贴窗花?  

中国春节的习俗之为什么贴窗花?, 春节的习俗:春节为什么贴窗花

中国春节的习俗之一:贴窗花的原因与由来:
1、原因:贴窗花是春节节日里的一个重要环节,窗花不仅烘托了喜庆的节日气氛,而且也能为人们带来美的享受,做到集装饰性、欣赏性和实用性于一体。
窗花,是有各种颜色、各种图案的民间剪纸艺术品。这种富有民族特色的民间风俗已有上千年的历史。山西民间的剪纸,尤其是窗花剪纸,充满山西民间的乡土气息,浓郁的乡土风味。什么“喜鹊登梅”、“二龙戏珠”、“孔雀开屏”、“天女散花”以及各种花、卉、虫、鱼、鸟的图案,表示了农民对未来生活寄托的美好希望。
窗花以其特有的概括和夸张手法将吉事祥物、美好愿望表现得淋漓尽致,将节日装点得红火富丽、喜气洋洋。
2、我国民间有春节贴窗花的习俗,此俗始于远古,是由一个古代传说演变而成的。
相传,尧在位7年,有一种属于凤凰一类的吉祥而后罕见之鸟叫鸾鹘鸟,年年飞到都邑栖息生活。由于鸾鹘的到来,吓得麒麟跑到大泽的草丛里,不敢出来;鸱枭逃到了荒无人烟的森林中,瑟瑟发抖。从此,人民过上了安居乐业的太平日子。后来,不知为什么,鸾鹘不再飞来了,为害黎民百姓的凶禽猛兽重又出现在都邑,到处横行无忌了。人民感到很失望。
当时有个折支国,听了尧民十分崇敬鸾鹘鸟,鸾鹘鸟又不知飞往哪里去了,就主动献来一种“重明”鸾鸟。因为这种鸟每一只眼内都有两个瞳孔,所以又叫“重睛”。“重明”的形体很像公鸡,鸣叫的声音又十分像凤凰,人们都认为它是一种吉祥的神鸟。刚献来的时候,羽毛已经全部脱掉,但它用肉翮照样飞翔。“重明”十分凶猛,能够追赶猛虎,并勇敢的进行搏斗,老虎也常常成为“重明”的美味佳肴。自从有了“重明”,凶禽猛兽和妖魔鬼怪都不敢危害百姓了。
因而百姓十分崇敬“重明”,对它爱护有加,每天都用美玉磨成细粉,做成流质饲料喂它。“重明”有时一年几次飞临,有时几年也不飞来。为吸引“重明”能经常飞来为民除害辟邪,广大的黎民百姓都把门户打扫得乾乾净净,为它准备停落栖息的场所。
但是,月月等,年年盼,“重明”一次也不飞来了,老百姓为此十分忧虑,怕那些凶禽猛兽邪魔外祟重新为害,各家各户都在动脑筋想办法,有的铸金鸟,有的刻木鸡,都放到窗户上。说来也真灵验,凶禽猛兽和妖魔鬼怪见了这些木鸡金鸟,以为是“重明”又飞回来了,因而都吓得魂飞魄散,飞快地逃往远方,躲藏起来了。于是,黎民百姓都在妖魔鬼怪集中出来作恶的新年期间,在窗户上普遍悬挂著栩栩如生的金鸟木鸡。
时间一长,逐渐演变成一种民间习俗,每年的正月初一,家家户户都或刻或画金鸟木鸡,贴挂在窗上。至隋唐时代,剪纸雄鸡取代了古代的金鸟木鸡,贴在窗上,就是后来的窗花了。

中国春节习俗之为什么倒贴福字

出自清代恭亲王府;大管家写了几个大“幅”字,贴于库房和王府大门上,家人竟将大门上的“福”字贴倒了,为此,恭亲王福晋十分恼怒,欲鞭罚惩戒,大管家怕福晋怪罪下来瓜葛自己,慌忙跪倒陈述:“奴才常听人说,恭亲王寿高福大造化大,如今大福真的到(倒)了。“乃吉庆之兆”。福晋一听,也合情理,心想:“怪不得过往行人都说恭亲王福(倒)到了,吉语说千遍,金银增万贯。没学问的奴才,还真想不出这种招式呢!”遂赏管家和家丁各50两银子。
后来,倒贴“福”字之俗由达官府等传入百姓家,帖过后都希望过往行人唸叨几句:“福倒了!福倒了!”以图吉利。

中国春节的习俗??

贴红绿招、门神、福字、门联

贴春联
春联也叫门对、春贴、对联、对子、桃符等,是写在纸、布上或刻在竹子、木头、柱子上的对偶语句。每逢春节,家家户户都要精选春联贴于门上,为节日增加喜庆气氛。
初一拜大年
春节俗称“过年”,但是一般正月初一也被称为“元旦”,隋代杜台卿在《五烛宝典》中说:“正月为端月,其一日为元日,亦云正朝,亦云元朔。

中国春节的习俗 简便

中国春节的习俗
扫尘
“腊月二十四,掸尘扫房子” ,据《吕氏春秋》记载,中国在尧舜时代就有春节扫尘的风俗。按民间的说法:因“尘”与“陈”谐音,新春扫尘有“除陈布新”的涵义,其用意是要把一切穷运、晦气统统扫出门。每逢春节来临,家家户户都要打扫环境,清洗各种器具,拆洗被褥窗帘,洒扫六闾庭院,掸拂尘垢蛛网,疏浚明渠暗沟。
到处洋溢着欢欢喜喜搞卫生、乾乾净净迎新春的欢乐气氛。
守岁
除夕守岁是最重要的年俗活动之一,守岁之俗由来已久。最早记载见于西晋周处的《风土志》:除夕之夜,各相与赠送,称为“馈岁”;酒食相邀,称为“别岁”;长幼聚饮,祝颂完备,称为“分岁”;大家终夜不眠,以待天明,称曰“守岁”。
自汉代以来,新旧年交替的时刻一般为夜半时分。
拜年
现代社会通行的贺年卡在中国古代已经实行。早在宋代,皇亲贵族士大夫的家族与亲族之间已使用专门拜年的贺年片,叫做“名刺”或“名贴”。它是把梅花笺纸裁成约二寸宽、三寸长的卡片,上面写上自己的姓名、地址。各家门上粘一红纸袋,称为“门簿”,其上写着主人姓名,用以接收名刺(名贴)。拜者投名刺(名贴)于门簿,即表示拜年,其意义与现代贺年卡一样。
贴春联
贴春联的习俗,大约始于一千多年前的后蜀时期,是有史为证的。春联也叫门对、春贴、对联、对子、桃符等,它以工整、对偶、简洁、精巧的文字描绘时代背景,抒发美好愿望,是中国特有的文学形式。每逢春节,无论城市还是农村,家家户户都要精选一幅大红春联贴于门上,为节日增加喜庆气氛。这一习俗起于宋代,在明代开始盛行,到了清代,春联的思想性和艺术性都有了很大的提高,梁章矩编写的春联专著《槛联丛话》对楹联的起源及各类作品的特色都作了论述。春联的种类比较多,依其使用场所,可分为门心、框对、横披、春条、斗方等。“门心”贴于门板上端中心部位;“框对”贴于左右两个门框上;“横披”贴于门媚的横木上;“春条”根据不同的内容,贴于相应的地方;“斗斤”也叫“门叶”,为正方菱形,多贴在家俱、影壁中。
在民间人们还喜欢在窗户上贴上各种剪纸——窗花。窗花不仅烘托了喜庆的节日气氛,也集装饰性、欣赏性和实用性于一体。剪纸在中国是一种很普及的民间艺术,千百年来深受人们的喜爱,因它大多是贴在窗户上的,所以也被称其为“窗花”。窗花以其特有的概括和夸张手法将吉事祥物、美好愿望表现得淋漓尽致,将节日装点得红火富丽。在贴春联的同时,一些人家要在屋门上、墙壁上、门楣上贴上大大小小的“福”字。春节贴“福”字,是中国民间由来已久的风俗。“福”字指福气、福运,寄托了人们对幸福生活的向往,对美好未来的祝愿。为了更充分地体现这种向往和祝愿,有的人干脆将“福”字倒过来贴,表示“幸福已到”、“福气已到”。民间还有将“福”字精描细做成各种图案的,图案有寿星、寿桃、鲤鱼跳龙门、五谷丰登、龙凤呈祥等。
贴年画
春节挂贴年画在城乡也很普遍,浓黑重彩的年画给千家万户平添了许多兴旺欢乐的喜庆气氛。年画是中国的一种古老的民间艺术,反映了人民朴素的风俗和信仰,寄托着他们对未来的希望。年画,也和春联一样,起源于“门神”。 随着木板印刷术的兴起,年画的内容已不仅限于门神之类单调的主题,变得丰富多彩,在一些年画作坊中产生了《福禄寿三星图》、《天官赐福》、《五谷丰登》、《六畜兴旺》、《迎春接福》等精典的彩色年画、以满足人们喜庆祈年的美好愿望。 中国出现了年画三个重要产地:苏州桃花坞,天津杨柳青和山东潍坊;形成了中国年画的三大流派,各具特色。
中国收藏最早的年画是南宋《随朝窈窕呈倾国之芳容》的木刻年画,画的是王昭君、赵飞燕、班姬和绿珠四位古代美人。民间流传最广的是一幅《老鼠娶亲》的年画。描绘了老鼠依照人间的风俗迎娶新娘的有趣场面。民国初年,上海郑曼陀将月历和年画二者结合起来。这是年画的一种新形式。这种合二而一的年画,以后发展成挂历,至今风靡全国。
燃爆竹
中国民间有“开门爆竹”一说。即在新的一年到来之际,家家户户开门的第一件事就是燃放爆竹,以哔哔叭叭的爆竹声除旧迎新。爆竹是中国特产,亦称“爆仗”、“炮仗”、“鞭炮”。其起源很早,至今已有两千多年的历史。
放爆竹可以创造出喜庆热闹的气氛,是节日的一种娱乐活动,可以给人们带来欢愉和吉利。随着时间的推移,爆竹的应用越来越广泛,品种花色也日见繁多,每逢重大节日及喜事庆典,及婚嫁、建房、开业等,都要燃放爆竹以示庆贺,图个吉利。湖南浏阳,广东佛山和东尧,江西的宜春和萍乡、浙江温州等地区是中国的花炮之乡,生产的爆竹花色多,品质高,不仅畅销全国,而且还远销世界。

办年货
中国的家庭过年前要购买大量的“年货”,春联,福字,新衣服,过年期间的食品(过年市场多不开门)。办年货是中国人过春节的一项重要活动。与过去相比,中国人办年货的方式变得更加现代,不拘泥于传统。山西地方有个特别的年货:刷子和筷子每年必买,谐音‘快发’之意。

中国春节的习俗英文版

Beijing's祭灶
Beijingers have been the custom of the Spring Festival, is very interesting. The so-called Spring Festival is the first Chinese lunar New Year. It heralds a new beginning of the recovery universe, e spring, a year of farming will also be embarked on. Therefore, for the Chinese people always attach importance to. Subsequently, the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, the state to the Gregorian calendar for the January 1
"New Year's Day", the lunar calendar's "year-hi," next best thing in name only, called "Spring." However, for the Chinese New Year celebration, silk ...
北京人的祭灶
北京人过春节的习俗,是很有兴味的。 所谓春节,是指中国阴历正月初一。它预示著新的开始,天地万物复苏,春天降临,一年的农事也将着手进行。所以,向来为中国人所重视。后来,公历推行,国家以公历的一月一日为
“元旦”,阴历的“年喜”,只好在名义上退而求其次,改称“春节”。然而,对春节的庆祝,丝...
中秋
"Zhong Qiu Jie", which is also known as the Mid-Autumn Festival, is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is a time for family members and loved ones to congregate and enjoy the full moon - an auspicious symbol of abundance, harmony and luck. Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, while the little ones run around with their brightly-lit lanterns.
"Zhong Qiu Jie" probably began as a harvest festival. The festival was later given a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon.
Aording to Chinese mythology, the earth once had 10 suns circling over it. One day, all 10 suns appeared together, scorching the earth with their heat. The earth was saved when a strong archer, Hou Yi, sueeded in shooting down 9 of the suns. Yi stole the elixir of life to save the people from his tyrannical rule, but his wife, Chang-E drank it. Thus started the legend of the lady in the moon to whom young Chinese girls would pray at the Mid-Autumn Festival.
重阳
Climb up
In ancient times, the folk custom in the ascent, the Chung Yeung Festival is also called the "far-day". Legend has it that the custom began in the Eastern Han dynasty. The writers in the Tang Dynasty wrote many ascending poems, written mostly Chung Yeung Festival; Du Fu poem" Climbing", is to write the most high. Take no uniform provisions, everywhere, is generally high mountain, climbing tower. " Eat Double-Ninth cake".
Eating Double-Ninth cake
Aording to historical records, the cakes and cake, cake, cake made of colored chrysanthemum, indefinite method, more casual. September 9th morning, with a piece of cake and forehead, mouth muttering incantations, wish their children everything is high, but the September cake. Pay attention to the Double-Ninth cake into nine layers, a pagoda, it also made o lambs, with the meaning of ( sheep ). Some also Chongyang insert a small cake on red paper flags, and a candle light. This is probably the "lighting"," eat cake" instead of "ascend " means, with a small red paper flags instead of dogwood. The Double-Ninth cake, still without a fixed varieties, all in the Chung Yeung Festival to eat soft cakes are called the Double-Ninth cake.
Chrysanthemum and drink chrysanthemum wine
The Double Ninth Festival is also a year of autumn chrysanthemum in full bloom, aording to legend, chrysanthemum and drink chrysanthemum wine, originated in the Jin Dynasty poet Tao Yuanming. A famous poem to Tao Yuanming, famous, known for their wine, also known as ai-ju; descendants of effect, and Chung Yeung chrysanthemum of the vulgar. The old literati, but also will enjoy the chrysanthemum and the feast the union, and Tao Yuanming closer to. The Northern Song Dynasty capital Kaifeng, Chung Yeung chrysanthemum winds prevail, then there are many varieties of chrysanthemum, in different poses and with different expressions. Folk to lunar calendar in September called" Ju", in the daisy Aoshuang blossoms in the Chung Yeung Festival in ornamental chrysanthemum Festival, became an important content of. Since the Qing Dynasty, Shangju habit is particularly prosperous, but is not limited to September 9th, but is still the most prosperous during the double ninth festival. ,
Cornel and hairpin Chrysanthemum
The Double Ninth Festival inserted Mastixia customs in the Tang Dynasty, has been very mon. The ancients believed that in the Chung Yeung Festival this day cornel can shelter from; or worn on the arm, or the cornel sachet placed inside to wear, there are inserted on the head. Mostly women, children's wear, in some places, men also wear. The Double Ninth Festival carrying dogwood, in the west by Ge Hong" notes" there are records. In addition to wear cornel, people also have to wear the chrysanthemum. The Tang Dynasty was so popular, past dynasties. Qing Dynasty, Beijing Double Ninth Festival custom is to chrysanthemum leaves and branches attached to the doors and windows," lifting of fierce offensive, in order to move good luck". This is on hairpin chrysanthemum variable customs. The Song Dynasty, there will be color silk cut chrysanthemum with cornel, to wear.
清明
The Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work, it is more a festival of memoration.
The Qingming Festival sees a bination of sadness and happiness.
This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the diseased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.
The Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival. As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming, they were later bined.
On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries bees extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.
In contrast to the sadness of the tomb sweepers, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day. The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass bee green and nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outings. At this time tourists are everywhere.
People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival. Kite flying is actually not limited to the Qingming Festival. Its uniqueness lies in that people fly kites not during the day, but also at night. A string of little lanterns tied onto the kite or the thread look like shining stars, and therefore, are called "god's lanterns."
The Qingming Festival is also a time to plant trees, for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later. In the past, the Qingming Festival was called "Arbor Day". But since 1979, "Arbor Day" was settled as March 12 aording to the Gregorian calendar.
元旦节
" Yuan" has started to meaning," Dan" refers to the dawn. New year's Day ( New Year s Day, New Year ) is the year begins on the first day, also known as the" new year"" the solar year". New year's Day is also called the" three element", namely the element, the element, the element when the month. After the suess of the revolution, Sun Zhongshan in order to" OK Xia Zheng, so suitable farming season, from the Gregorian calendar, lunar January 1" scheduled for the Spring Festival, and to free January 1st as new year's day. On September 27, 1949, Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference first plenary session decided:" the people's Republic of China era the ad method", confirm the new year (New Year's day ) for the Chinese legal holidays. New year's Day is also the world many countries or regions of the statutory holiday.
As the new year's Day is in the years before the birth, and from the Spring Festival evolved, so, just begin in China celebrate New Year's day, the celebration of the customs are similar to the Spring Festival is the Spring Festival, or a smaller version of the. After new year's Day is a traditional festival in China, while in use some traditional way to celebrate : the case of setting off firecrackers, killing three, religion, worship ancestors, but in the eyes of the people do not see will oupy how important status. To the modern, the custom of celebrating New Year's Day is even more simple.
New year's day to celebrate a:
The whole of China and even the whole world to know, many countries have made new year's is a Festival, in the new year's day holiday. After the founding of new China, also provided new year holiday holiday.
New year's Day celebration o:
The now more mon is anized by the group activities, such as new year's Day get-together, linked to celebrate New Year's Day Slogan, or held in collective activities, had anized beat gongs and sound drums, collective dance nation dance, now in a TV documentary on can see, to the development of science and technology today, evolve to what the party. In recent years, the party has tourism programs such as new year's day, but not too much of a tradition, in this day of holiday as people play. Even, on New Year's day for the younger generation means only one day's holiday. New year's Day blesses a short message
New year's Day celebration three:
Retains the traditional Chinese way to celebrate in the folk, especially in the rural areas. Every new year's day, each and every family will set off firecrackers, kill chickens and geese, worship the gods had parties is one family reunion meal. As for the more dense celebrated temporarily not seen.

外国圣诞节的习俗和中国春节的习俗

一、 中国的春节 中华民族历史悠久、文化灿烂,有许多具有民族特色的传统节日。 春节在这些节日中是喜庆时间最长、活动内容最多、节日气氛最浓、影响范围最广、重视程度最高的一个民俗节日,它在几千年的传承中形成为一个巨大的历史文化传统, 是亿万中国人情感的聚合。
(一)春节的来历
春节是由古代的丰收祭祀活动演变来的。 早在夏朝之前中国就有了“年”的概念。 那时候农业复种率很低,一年只有一茬作物,所以谷物成熟一次就是一年。 每次人们收获了庄稼准备新一轮的周期的时候,都会举行庆祝活动,表达喜庆、祝愿和快乐的心情,报答众神之恩,同时也希望来年风调雨顺,驱灾辟邪,这就是春节的起源。 汉太初元年(公元前 104 年)汉武帝颁行《太初历》,确定以农历的正月初一为岁首,此后中国两千年沿袭了这一历法体制。 民国时期开始采用公历,规定公历的一月一日为新年,而农历的一月一日则为春节。 中华人民共和国成立时,规定农历的正月初一称为“春节”,而公历的一月一日改称为“元旦”。
(二)春节的习俗 整个春节历时较长, 其中心部分就是年三十(除夕)和正月初一这两天了。 经历了年前的忙碌之后,一年的工作基本结束,人们终于迎来了一年中的最后一天——除夕。 “除夕”中的“除”字有“辞去”的意思,引申为“更替、交替”,“夕”就是“日暮”,也就是晚上的意思。 除夕是新年的前夕,因此又叫“大年夜”。 放爆竹:“爆竹声中一岁除”, 在辞旧迎新之际燃放烟花爆竹成为人们情感释放、愿望表达、避邪驱鬼的方法。 燃放鞭炮的传统源于一个叫“年”的怪兽。 这个怪兽青面獠牙,非常可怕。 每到腊月三十晚上就要窜到各个村庄,残害生灵。 有一次三十晚上“年”跑到一个村庄,恰逢两个孩童正在燃放爆竹,“年” 不知其为何物, 只听到噼里啪啦的响声,看见刺眼的亮光,于是吓得落荒而逃。 人们由此摸清了“年”怕爆竹的亮光和响声的弱点,每到腊月三十都要燃放鞭炮, 后来逐渐演化成一种习俗。
近些年来,人们发现燃放爆竹不仅造成环境污染,还容易引发火灾,伤及生命和财产安全。 于是,一些城市禁止燃放烟花爆竹, 但遭到人们的强烈牴触。 2006 年春节,北京解除了禁令,允许在规定的时间、地点内燃放。
贴春联、换门神:贴春联、换门神是过春节的一个重要习俗。 每到大年三十,无论城乡,家家户户都要张贴红纸春联和威武的门神,春联、门神是用来辟除不祥和保护一家安全的,它们源远流长。 春联来源于古代驱鬼辟邪的桃术,后来演变为桃符,悬挂在门上。 据《山海经》说,很久以前,在大海中的度朔山上, 有棵杆干盘曲三千里的巨型桃树,树上有神荼、 郁垒二位神仙, 他们负责监管所有鬼魅。 对于恶鬼,他们就用芦苇绳捆住,喂老虎。 因此,后世人们每到春节,就将桃木的神荼、郁垒雕像,挂在大门的两旁,驱鬼辟邪;六朝时干脆不再画像,而是用两块桃板挂在门上;到了宋代,过年在桃符上题对联, 渐渐地就演化成为用红纸书写春联。 随着时代的发展,春联中巫术的因素逐渐的消失,喜庆、吉祥的成分越来越浓了。
年夜饭:一年中最重要的一顿饭就是年夜饭了,又叫团圆饭。 北方人的习俗是除夕夜全家人围着炕头一起包饺子吃;南方人除夕这一天也忙得不亦乐乎,全家人系上围裙,下到厨房不停地择洗烧炒炖,摆满一大桌。 尽管各地的年夜饭的菜品不尽相同,但各菜都有一定的寓意,如鸡谐音“吉”,即吉祥如意;鱼谐音“余”,即年年有余;豆腐谐音“斗富”,即丰裕富足;年糕象征“一年比一年高”;杏仁象征“幸福人”;饺子谐音“交子”,即更岁交子之意,饺子馅也五花八门,有的加入糖块、花生等,吃到糖则寓意生活甜如蜜,吃到花生则表示长生不老。
拜年:正月初一,新年来到,人们开门燃放炮竹,俗称“开门炮”。 吃过早饭,人们要相互拜年、祝福,共贺新春。 拜年的通常顺序是:先拜天地,次拜祖先,再拜高堂尊长,然后全家按照尊卑长幼顺序相互拜,最后出门拜。 随着电话、网路和手机的普及,人们给亲戚朋友拜年可以打电话,发 e-mail,近些年来更是兴起了手机简讯拜年的新形势。 二、西方的圣诞节
公历每年的 12 月 25 日为圣诞节, 又称耶诞节,12 月 24 日晚至 12 月 25 日晨为圣诞夜, 也称“平安夜”。 “圣诞节”一词是由西文翻译而来,是“基督弥撒”的缩写。 圣诞节原是基督教徒的节日,现在却是世界上流传范围最广、参与人数最多的节日之一。 圣诞节与春节一样,也是合家团聚的节日。
(一)圣诞节的由来
12 月 25 日的圣诞节是一个令人快乐的宗教性节日, 是基督徒庆祝基督教创始人基督出生的日子,爱、家庭和归属感是重要的主题。 据基督教徒的圣书《圣经》上说,上帝决定让他的独生子耶稣基督投胎人间,在人间生活,以便人们能更好地了解上帝,学习热爱上帝和更好地相互热爱。 耶稣出生的具体日期已不得而知。 早期的罗马日历(公元 336 年)把圣诞节定在了 12 月 25 日,这是首次提到的耶稣出生的特殊日子。 到了 12 世纪圣诞节成为基督教最重要的庆典, 他开始成为一项严肃的宗教庆典,后来非宗教性质的装饰、赠送礼品,盛宴开始流行。
(二)圣诞节的习俗
西方各国,圣诞节的节期并不相同,最长的从每年 11 月 11 日就拉开了序幕,一直持续到来年的2 月 2 日圣火节才算真正结束, 整个节期持续 50多天。
装饰圣诞树:每个家庭要在圣诞节前特别布置一番圣诞树。 圣诞树一般用小松树或小柏树这类塔形的常青树做成,树上挂满彩色灯泡,枝头上缀著金色和银色的闪光的纸片。 花花绿绿的拉花从圣诞树上伸向四方,树上还挂著用槲花作的雪花,点缀著各种精巧别致的小礼物。 夜幕降临,全家人围坐在圣诞树前,互赠礼品、互祝节日快乐。
吃圣诞大餐: 圣诞大餐类似中国春节的年夜饭,非常丰盛。 圣诞夜,全家围坐在圣诞树下,点燃蜡烛,一边吃一边聊天,看电视或唱歌跳舞,玩集体游戏。 圣诞大餐通常多设一个位置,留给“上帝的使者”。 这顿大餐极为丰富,有烤火鸡、烧牛肉、烤乳猪、大蛋糕、美酒和蔬菜。 有时蛋糕里藏着三颗豆子,代表《圣经》上提到的 3 位东方贤士,吃到豆子的人会增加智慧。
(三)圣诞老人
圣诞老人原指 1600 多年前荷兰巴里的主教尼古拉斯,他和蔼可亲、帮助穷人,将自己所有的家庭财富都分给穷人。 民间有关尼古拉斯的故事往往与少年儿童和礼物有关, 所以圣诞老人成了专门在圣诞夜给孩子们送礼物的慈祥老人。 据 《圣经》记载:来自东方的三位贤士曾在耶稣降生时送给他金子、乳香和药作为礼物,这便是圣诞老人为儿童赠送圣诞礼物习俗的由来。 有些人家为了增加节日气氛,还请一位亲友装扮成圣诞老人,来到家里向孩子们祝贺节日,把礼物送给孩子们。
三、春节与圣诞节习俗的比较
中国的春节和西方的圣诞节虽然是起源于不同的文化背景的两种节日, 但两个节日却有许多相似处。
(一)两者在东、西方节日中,所占的地位是同等重要的,都是各自节日中最盛大、最神圣的节日
在节日中,期盼同家人、亲友团圆相聚,与同事、同行共同祈望未来事业成功,甚至借节日而过得更加休闲、放松,并从中获得精神愉悦,都是一年中全家人最激动的时刻。 (二)节日气氛的高潮都是在节日前夕,即年三十钟声敲响的那一刻和平安夜午夜前后 在中国,一进入腊月即有新年的味道,经过年前的打扫房屋,贴上新春联,终于迎来了除夕——团圆之夜; 在西方,11 月份圣诞的气氛就开始了,人人都在选购馈赠亲友的圣诞礼物、 圣诞大餐的材料和五彩缤纷的糖果,期待着平安夜的到来。
(三)春节和圣诞节的习俗也有许多相似处
除夕全家要聚在一起吃丰盛的年夜饭、 守岁、看电视和互相祝愿,而在西方平安夜全家也围坐在一起边吃边聊、看电视、许愿,都期盼著吉祥一年的到来;中国的长辈要给晚辈压岁钱,西方大人也要给小孩礼物;中国要相互拜年送给朋友礼品,而西方国家也要互赠圣诞卡表达祝福;西方国家在圣诞节时做
甜食布丁就像中国人过春节包饺子一样,搅动圣诞布丁能使自己在未来一年中万事如意,摆饺子时也要一圈一圈的摆,表示来年一年圆满。

中国春节的习俗之为什么贴窗花?

春节为什么要贴窗花 春节贴窗花的寓意

为烘托节日气氛,广大农村春节前在窗子上张贴的剪纸。窗花的样式,一般比较自由,除了贴在四角的“角花”和折剪的“团花”之外,其外廓都没有什么限制。由于适应一般的窗格,和避免影响照明,其尺寸都不太大,且要注意镂空透亮。为了增强艺术效果,创造浓烈的气氛,一个窗子往往贴许多窗花,或在内容上配套,或在形式上呼应。窗花的题材内容非常广泛,以戏曲故事数量较大。贴窗花北方较为普遍。

  
永远跟党走
  • 如果你觉得本站很棒,可以通过扫码支付打赏哦!

    • 微信收款码
    • 支付宝收款码