叔本华人生的智慧英文版 叔本华：简介英文版PDF电子书免费下载 Schopenhauer: A Very Short Introduction完整版原版

叔本华：简介英文版PDF电子书免费下载 Schopenhauer: A Very Short Introduction完整版原版  

Schopenhauer is the most readable of German philosophers. This book gives a succinct explanation of his metaphysical system, concentrating on the original aspects of his thought, which inspired many artists and thinkers including Nietzsche, Wagner, Freud, and Wittgenstein. Schopenhauer's central notion is that of the will - a blind, irrational force that he uses to interpret both the human mind and the whole of nature. Seeing human behaviour as that of a natural organism governed by the will to life, Schopenhauer developed radical insights concerning the unconscious and sexuality which influenced both psychologists and philosophers. 叔本华，全名亚瑟·叔本华（Arthur Schopenhauer，1788年2月22日－1860年9月21日）叔本华简介，德国哲学家。他继承了康德对于现象和物自体之间的区分。不同于他同代的费希特、谢林、黑格尔等取消物自体的做法叔本华简介，他坚持物自体，并认为它可以通过直观而被认识，将其确定为意志。意志独立于时间、空间，所有理性、知识都从属于它。人们只有在审美的沉思时逃离其中。叔本华将它著名的极端悲观主义和此学说联系在一起，认为意志的支配最终只能导致虚无和痛苦。他对心灵屈从于器官、欲望和冲动的压抑、扭曲的理解预言了精神分析学和心理学。他文笔流畅优美，思路清晰。