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France’s history is on a street sign in Fes!

法国的历史在于一个以 Fes表示的街道标志

One can almost claim that for Moroccans, it is not necessary to read a book about the

major events in French history, because the history of France can be read just by following the street names in Fes, the oldest city in Morocco. 人们可能几乎会断言，对于摩洛哥人来说，没有必要阅读关于法国历史上重大事件的书籍，因为法国的历史只要遵循以Fes表示的街道名称，即摩洛哥最古老的城市就可以阅读。

Being colonized by the French for more than forty years, the architecture of the Ville

Nouvelle of Fes as well as the remnants of some of the street names is an extension of

France and its historical past. 被法国人殖民40年，Fes的Ville Nouvelle（努韦勒城）的建筑以及某些街道的遗址成了法国的延伸和其历史的过去。

Using four maps of the city of Fes (1933, 1953, 1979 and 1986) I classified all street

names of the Ville Nouvelle thematically, such as street names evoking French/European

culture and street names referring to Arabic culture. 用Fes市的四张地图（1933、1953、1979和1986），我把Ville Nouvelle（努韦勒城）所有街道的名称从主题上进行分类，比如涉及法国/欧洲文化的街道名称和参照阿拉伯文化的街道名称。

The results show that the maps of 1933 and 1953 show a preponderance of street

names referring to European/French culture. We can even observe France’s determination to build a European Union: Names such as Rue d’Italie and Rue d’Espagne can be found. 结果表明，1933年和1953年的地图大多数街道名称参照的欧洲/法国文化。

我们甚至可以观察到，法国建立欧盟的决心：如可以发现Rue d’Italie和Rue d’Espagne等名称。

On the map of 1933, the heroes of the French army were recognized. For example,

one can find the Rue du Colonel de Castrie (1727-1801) who successfully fought the

Prussian army in 1759. 在1933年的地图上，法国军队的英雄们得到了认可。

例如，你可以发现Rue du Colonel de Castrie（1727－1801），他在1759年成功地战胜了普鲁士军队。

However, the map of 1953 shows the opposite focus: the image of

the army is perceived as less prestigious. This perception is connected with the intellectual movement headed by Jean-Paul Sartre in favor of peace and decolonization. 可是1953年的地图展示了相反的焦点：军队的形象感觉上不那么有声望了。

这样的感觉是与由Jean－Paul Sartre领导的、赞成和平与非殖民化的知识运动相联系在一起的。

In contrast with the maps of 1933 and 1953, the map of 1979 shows that French

culture and history have a weaker presence in the toponomia of Fes. Street names in Arabic are present more and more due to Arabization, a language policy that promoted Arabic culture. The reappropriation of space by Moroccans is reflected by the changes in the street names of Fes.与1933年和1953年的地图相反，1979年的地图显示了法国的文化和历史在Fes的地名中更加微弱的存在。

阿拉伯的街道名称则由于阿拉伯化的关系而存在得越来越多，这一阿拉伯化就是促进阿拉伯文化的语言政策。

摩洛哥人重新挪用空间反映在了Fes街道名称的变化上。