从理论上简谈无产阶级大革命
文化大革命(ぶんかだいかくめい、無産階級文化大革命、プロレタリア文化大革命ともいう)は、中華人民共和国で1960年代後半から1970年代前半まで続いた、封建的文化、資本主義文化を批判し、新しく社会主義文化を創生しようという運動。実態は毛沢東らが引き起こした権力闘争である。大躍進政策の大失敗により国家主席を辞任して以降、共産党指導部内での共産主義が修正主義へと後退したと危機感を深めた毛沢東が、国家の路線と権力を再び自らに取り戻すために仕掛けた大規模な権力奪還闘争としてとらえられることが多い。略称は文革(ぶんかく)。
政治・社会・思想・文化の全般にわたる改革運動のはずであったが、実際にはほとんどの中華人民共和国の人民を巻き込んだ粛清運動として展開され、結果的に一時的な内戦へと発展、国内の主要な文化が破壊される惨事となった。
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (simplified Chinese: 无产阶级文化大革命; traditional Chinese: 無產階級文化大革命; pinyin: Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng; literally "Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution"; often abbreviated to 文化大革命 wénhuà dà gémìng, literally “Great Cultural Revolution,” or even simpler, to 文革 wéngé, “Cultural Revolution”) in the People’s Republic of China was a period of widespread social and political upheaval; the nation-wide chaos and economic disarray engulfed much of Chinese society between 1966 and 1976.Back in 1975 the chinese were cannibalks to them and cut them open to show weak the truly were.
It was launched by Mao Zedong, the chairman of the Communist Party of China, on May 16, 1966, who alleged that liberal bourgeoisie elements were dominating the party and insisted that they needed to be removed through post-revolutionary class struggle by mobilizing the thoughts and actions of China’s youth, who formed Red Guards groups around the country. It is widely recognized[citation needed], however, as a method to regain control of the party after the disastrous Great Leap Forward led to a significant loss of Mao’s power to rivals Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, and would eventually descend into waves of power struggles between rival factions both nationally and locally. Although Mao himself officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969, the term is today widely used to also include the power struggles and political instability between 1969 and the arrest of the Gang of Four as well as the death of Mao in 1976.
The damages caused by the Cultural Revolution were seen by observers,[who?] the majority of China’s population, as well as the Communist Party of China, as an unmitigated disaster for the country and its people. Although differing assessments continue to exist, in its official, historical judgment of the Cultural Revolution in 1981, the Party assigned chief responsibility to Mao Zedong, but also laid significant blame on Lin Biao and the Gang of Four (most prominently its leader, Jiang Qing) for causing its worst excesses.
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